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35 articles for “gold standard”
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Significance of Randomized Clinical Trials
Abstract: The most exacting and reliable research tool for determining if there is a cause-and-effect relationship between an intervention and a result is the randomized controlled trial. When assessing the efficacy and safety of an intervention, a randomized controlled trial can produce high-quality evidence. Every randomized controlled trial (RCT) ought to have predetermined primary outcomes, be registered with a clinical trials database, and possess the necessary ethical permissions. The quality of …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmacology · Vol. 13, Issue 3, 2023 · pp. 12–16 Read article
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Efficacy of Rapid Diagnostic Tests in Relation to ELISA in Hepatitis B and C Infection
Abstract: Background: Hepatitis B surface antigen and Hepatitis C antibodies in circulation are the common markers used for diagnosis of Hepatitis B and C infection. Though ELISA is the gold standard for detection of these markers, rapid diagnostic tests like immunochromatography is used in most of the centers for quick screening of cases. This study is undertaken to compare the result of both methods. Method: Both ICT and ELISA test were …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Microbiology and Virology · Vol. 10, Issue 2, 2020 · pp. 8–13 Read article
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Evaluation of Nucleic Acid Amplification Method in Diagnosing Enteric Fever in Children
Abstract: The comparison of three detection methods (Widal test, Typhi dot and Nested PCR) for diagnosis of typhoid fever was done in laboratory where gold standard was either Widal positive or Typhi dot positive or both positive. A nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) specific for Salmonella enteric serovar typhi was used for the detection of the pathogen in blood samples. Total 52 patients with clinical suspicion of typhoid fever were recruited …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Microbiology and Virology · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2013 · pp. 9–15 Read article
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Giant Primary Hydatid Cyst of Spleen—A Rare Clinical Entity
Abstract: Hydatid cyst (echinococcosis) is a zoonotic disease, caused by infestation of larval form of parasite of tapeworm, Echinococcus granulosus (eg). Humans are infected through faeco-oral route by the ingestion of food and milk, contaminated by dog faeces containing the ova of parasite or by direct contact with dog. Liver is the commonly involved organ (57.8%) followed by the lungs (26.4%). The kidneys, spleen, brain, soft tissues of neck, appendix and …
Published in Research and Reviews : Journal of Surgery · Vol. 5, Issue 3, 2016 · pp. 21–24 Read article
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Section Cutting in Histopathology: An Update
Abstract: Histopathology is the microscopic examination of tissues to diagnose and study diseases, more significantly the diagnosis of cancer. It plays a pivotal role in modern medicine, serving as the gold standard for definitive diagnosis in a wide range of conditions. Through meticulous analysis of tissue morphology (structure) and cellular characteristics, histopathology provides crucial information for disease classification, staging, and guiding patient management. In the world of histopathology, where microscopic details …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Health Professions · Vol. 14, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 29–34 Read article
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Evaluating the Benefits of Lift Procedure for Fistula in Ano: A Peripheral Centre Experience
Abstract: Introduction: Surgery is considered the only definitive treatment for anal fistula. Many surgical techniques have been described. The aim of this study was to communicate the authors’ preliminary experience in the use of a very recent, simplified technique, at a peripheral surgical centre. Patients And Methods: This was a retrospective study of 10 patients of Fistula-in-ano admitted from October 2021 through September 2023. Patients were managed with the ligation of …
Published in Research and Reviews : Journal of Surgery · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 17–20 Read article
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Comprehensive Review of Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Emerging Therapeutic Approaches
Abstract: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC)is an infrequent neoplasm, highly malignant, that develops mainly in the salivary glands with the potential to exist in any secretory glandular sites, including the lacrimal glands, breast, and respiratory tract. ACC usually has a benign initial course, but conversely, it is notoriously aggressive in behavior with high incidence of perineural invasion, local recurrence, and distant metastasis, mostly to the lungs. The tumor’s molecular features are characterized …
Published in Research and Reviews: Journal of Oncology and Hematology · Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 1–17 Read article
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AI-Enhanced Interpretation of Cardiac Troponins: Toward Predictive Precision in Myocardial Injury
Abstract: Background: Cardiac troponins (cTn) represent the gold standard biomarkers for myocardial injury detection, yet their interpretation remains challenging due to various confounding factors and clinical contexts. Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies provide remarkable possibilities to improve the interpretation of troponin levels by utilizing pattern recognition, predictive modeling, and clinical decision-making support. Objective: This review examines the current state and future potential of AI-enhanced cardiac troponin interpretation, focusing on machine learning applications, …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Medicine · Vol. 15, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 1–9 Read article
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The Role of Breastfeeding in Early Childhood and Maternal Health: A Perspective
Abstract: Breastfeeding is globally recognized as the optimal method of infant feeding, offering unparalleled benefits for both child survival and maternal health. Breast milk provides a balanced mix of essential nutrients, bioactive compounds, and protective antibodies, making it the gold standard for early nutrition. Exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life, followed by continued breastfeeding with complementary foods for up to two years or longer, is recommended by the …
Published in Research and Reviews : Journal of Dairy Science and Technology · Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 43–47 Read article
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The Hidden Struggle: Premenstrual Depression its Impact on Women’s Health and Management Strategies: A Narrative Review.
Abstract: Background: Premenstrual depression, including Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), represents a significant yet underrecognized contributor to women’s mental health burden. Hormonal fluctuations during the luteal phase interact with neurotransmitter systems, particularly serotonin and GABA, leading to affective and somatic symptoms that impair daily functioning. Objective: This systematic review synthesizes evidence on the prevalence, pathophysiology, psychological impact, and management strategies of premenstrual depression among reproductive-aged women, with particular …
Published in International Journal of Nutritions · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 21–32 Read article
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Photonic Diagnostics: Harnessing Optical Sensing for Non-Invasive Assessment of Coronary Obstruction
Abstract: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of mortality globally, with coronary artery blockages primarily atherosclerosis representing a critical challenge. The gold standard for diagnosing coronary artery disease remains invasive coronary angiography, a procedure that, while precise, carries inherent patient risks, high costs, and logistical burdens. Optical sensors, leveraging the principles of light-tissue interaction, offer real-time, high-resolution insights into vascular health, paving the way for early detection of arterial stenoses …
Published in International Journal of Optical Innovations & Research · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 25–30 Read article
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A comparative study to assess the Ankle Brachial Index by palpatory and Doppler method
Abstract: Background of the study: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is strongly associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality. Relatively few non-invasive diagnostic tests are available that can reveal the evidence of atherosclerosis before the development of symptoms. One such simple, cost effective diagnostic test is Ankle Brachial Index. Since, there is a need to validate palpatory method of Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) measurement, the study was conceived.Aim of the study: …
Published in Journal of Nursing Science & Practice · Vol. 8, Issue 3, 2018 · pp. 10–14 Read article
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Digital Tympanic Membrane Temperature versus Digital Axillary Temperature: Comparative Study among Neonates
Abstract: Neonatal hypothermia continues to be a significant issue in the developing countries and there remains considerable controversy regarding the most appropriate thermometer and the best anatomical site for temperature measurement. In this diagnostic study, the prime objective was to find which thermometry practice could be proved effective for assessment of temperature in neonates. For this, the authors evaluated the agreement between tympanic thermometry measurements, digital axillary thermometry measurements and skin …
Published in Journal of Nursing Science & Practice · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2014 · pp. 38–46 Read article
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Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Program on Knowledge of Staff Nurses Regarding Post Coronary Angiography Care
Abstract: Coronary heart disease is the most common cause of death in India. It has quadrupled in the last 40 years and the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that by 2020 close to 60% of cardiac patients worldwide will be Indian. Coronary angiography is currently regarded as the gold standard technique for evaluation of patients with suspected coronary heart disease and for defining coronary anatomy. Nurses are the key persons who …
Published in Journal of Nursing Science & Practice · Vol. 7, Issue 1, 2017 · pp. 7–12 Read article
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Anticipated Root Coverage Utilizing the Minimally Invasive VISTA Technique with and without Autologous L-PRF: Documentation of Two Case Studies
Abstract: Gingival recession refers to the downward movement of the marginal gingiva from its typical location on the tooth crown to levels along the root surface beyond the cemento-enamel junction. Miller Class I and Class II recession are those for which the prognosis and chances of clinical success is greatest, and numerous evidences in the existing literature reports that the Coronally Advanced Flap (CAF) based procedure along with autologous subepithelial connective …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Dentistry · Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2023 · pp. 24–30 Read article
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Clinical Utility of Electroglottography and Videostroboscopy: A Correlational Study
Abstract: Voice serves as a unique identity of an individual which is derived from laryngeal features. Any deviance in the voice quality is considered abnormal and thus seeks clinical attention. Speech-Language Pathologist (SLP) plays an important role in the assessment and diagnosis of voice-related disorders. Although perceptual evaluation is a gold standard, objective methods augment the accuracy of the diagnosis of voice disorders. Electroglottography (EGG) is one such commonly used non-invasive …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Health Professions · Vol. 9, Issue 3, 2019 · pp. 1–10 Read article
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History, Treatment, Tool and Technique of Swine Flu
Abstract: The appearance of influenza A (H1N1) is more than 91 years has led to a universal pandemic. In the current scenario, swine influenza A (H1N1) (S-OIV) infections have been updated. On March 18, 2009, a reorganized flu virus was first reported from Mexico. This virus quickly circulates in neighboring United States and Canada and from there to the rest of the world. In India, H1N1 was first identified in April …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Microbiology and Virology · Vol. 10, Issue 3, 2020 · pp. 19–28 Read article
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Correlation of Ki-67 Score with Nottingham Histological Grading in Carcinoma Breast: A Single Institution Experience
Abstract: Though it is reasonably well established that Ki-67 positivity is an independent predictor of ultimate prognosis and course of carcinoma breast and its recurrence, many lacunae exist. Ki -67 score correlation with histological grading will establish importance of nuclear antigen Ki-67 as prognostic factor in Indian population. This study was aimed to assess histological grading of breast carcinoma by Nottingham Grading System (Modified Scarff- Bloom- Richardson system) and to correlate …
Published in Research and Reviews: Journal of Oncology and Hematology · Vol. 6, Issue 1, 2017 · pp. 1–5 Read article
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A Review on Estimation of Hb Percentage and Electrophoretic Pattern in Low Hb Count Cancer Patient
Abstract: Haemoglobin is a protein in the red blood cells that carry oxygen. Hb evaluation is a fast, valid and trustworthy method to detect blood deficiency. Direct cyanmethemoglobin has been the gold standard method for Hb estimation but there are many other methods available as well, for example, haemoglobin colour scale, Sahli method, Lovibond-Drabkin method, Tallqvist technique, copper sulphate method, HemoCue, automated haematology analysers and complete blood count to name a …
Published in Research and Reviews: Journal of Oncology and Hematology · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2023 · pp. 29–32 Read article
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Angiography
Abstract: The heart is a beating muscular organ that continually pumps blood to the rest of the body. The coronary arteries supply the heart with the necessary oxygen and nutrients it needs to function effectively. Over time, fatty deposits called plaque can build up inside the arteries, clogging the passages and blood flow to the heart can be compromised. Coronary artery disease has reached epidemic proportions in South East Asia especially …
Published in Research and Reviews : Journal of Surgery · Vol. 4, Issue 3, 2015 · pp. 14–17 Read article