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26 articles for “camel”
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Isolation and Characterization of “Heavy Chain Antibody” Variable Domain Gene of Indian Desert Camel (Camelus dromedarius, L.)
Abstract: Camelids have “heavy chain antibodies” (HCAbs) of IgG isotype (IgG2 and IgG3 subtypes) and lack light chains and heavy chain constant domain 1 (CH1) in their structure. The molecular biological features of VHH (i.e., antigen binding variable domain of HCAbs) gene isolated from Indian desert camel were examined as a prelude to construct VHHs-phage display library. VHH cDNA was synthesized by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from B lymphocyte mRNA, …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Immunology · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2013 · pp. 22–31 Read article
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Nutraceuticals in Camel Milk (White Gold of Desert): A Review
Abstract: Camels play a powerful function in human lifestyles. Camels are, in most cases, live in the desert and people residing in the wilderness farmed the camels for milk and meat. Camel milk is plentiful of nutrients. It is the most similar form of nutritive mixture because it contains more microminerals, such as copper, cobalt, zinc, iron, manganese, molybdenum, plumbum and vitamin C, as well as less fat. The nutrients in …
Published in Research and Reviews : Journal of Dairy Science and Technology · Vol. 10, Issue 2, 2021 · pp. 12–19 Read article
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The Future of Camelids in South America: Recent Developments and Prospects
Abstract: Camelids, including llamas, alpacas, vicuñas, and guanacos, have been central to South American culture, economy, and ecosystems for centuries. Known for their adaptability to harsh Andean climates, these species provide valuable resources, such as luxurious fiber, nutritious meat, and durable leather. In modern times, their importance has grown due to increasing demand for sustainable and ethically sourced products, coupled with their minimal environmental impact and significant contributions to rural livelihoods. …
Published in Research and Reviews : Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology · Vol. 14, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 35–38 Read article
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An Amazing Herb with Extraordinary Payback: Camellia sinensis
Abstract: Camellia sinensis, commonly known as green tea, belongs to theaceae family. Herbal remedies are often perceived as being natural, therefore safe, but actually they are not free from adverse effects. Adverse effects of herbal medicine may be due to factors such as adulteration, substitution, contamination, misidentification, lack of standardization, incorrect preparation and dosage and inappropriate labeling. The major constituents of green tea are epicatechin (EC), epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG), epigallocatechin (EGC) and …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmacology · Vol. 6, Issue 2, 2016 · pp. 1–12 Read article
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Antifungal Activity of Zero-valent Iron Nanoparticles Synthesized by Green Protocols Using Camellia sinensis Extract against Pathogenic Aspergillus Species
Abstract: Zero-valent iron nanoparticles with potential antifungal activity were synthesized following a green protocol using Camellia sinensis leaves extract. FeSO4.7H2O was reduced to black metallic iron by Camellia sinensis leaves extract. The green synthetic procedure without using any hazardous chemical reagents is hopeful which reduces the possibility of chemical pollution. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV/visible and fluorescence spectroscopies. The surface morphology, size, shape and particle distribution were studied using …
Published in Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology · Vol. 8, Issue 3, 2017 · pp. 40–45 Read article
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Cloning and Expression of LPS-Binding Single Domain Antibody Clones Selected from Phage Display Library of Indian Desert Camel
Abstract: Despite the absence of light chains in their structure, camelid and shark “heavy chain antibodies” (HCAbs) variable domains (designated as VHH) are able to make functional paratopes. The authors have selected lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binder “single-domain antibodies” (dAb) clones from the previously constructed phage display library of (LPS)-immunized Indian desert camel. This study was undertaken to make available large amounts of some LPS-binder dAb clones by using a suitable expression vector-host system …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Immunology · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2014 · pp. 1–7 Read article
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Assessing Performance of Commercial Banks in Pakistan: A Study on Finance Innovation with Camel Model Application
Abstract: For the competitiveness of commercial banks, trade finance innovation is playing an essential role in Pakistan. Currently, modern banking sector is converting into more complex system. Assessing banking sector of Pakistan is a critical and complex task. There are various key factors which need to be addressed while evaluating performance of banks. A sound financial position of banks is extremely important to not only the depositors but also for employees, …
Published in OmniScience: A Multi-disciplinary Journal · Vol. 8, Issue 1, 2018 · pp. 38–45 Read article
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Antifungal Activity of Lactic Acid Cocci Isolated from Camel Milk
Abstract: This study examines the antifungal activity of lactic acid cocci isolated from camel milk against mold growth. After the isolation, purification, and characterization of lactic acid cocci, the screening of strains with antifungal activity was done by overlay and confrontation methods against Aspergillus fumigatus. These strains show strong activity. Antifungals were selected to study their inhibitory effect on liquid medium, evaluate their antifungal spectrum, and study the effect of their …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Microbiology and Virology · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2022 · pp. 14–23 Read article
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Biochemical, Antimicrobial Characterization of Dooars Tea (Camellia sinensis) Clone during CTC Manufacturing
Abstract: Industrial manufacturing of CTC tea includes different stages. The polyphenol content catechins are oxidized from stage 1–4 (including withering, cutting/tearing, fermentation/oxidation and drying processes). The catechins are polymerized to tannins with the help of enzyme polyphenol oxidase (PPO), both classes of compounds show differential antioxidant (total flavonoid content, UV absorbing compounds content, antioxidant enzyme Phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity is changed), antimicrobial and therapeutic potentials, usually reduced in late (dried) stages. …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Microbiology and Virology · Vol. 5, Issue 2, 2015 · pp. 5–14 Read article
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Altitude Related Variation of Antioxidant Properties of Tea Leaf (Camellia sinensis)
Abstract: Places, in the high altitude are subject to higher UV radiation as compared to places of low altitude, provided they bear the same latitudinal location. Here, in this investigation, the oxidative stress and associated cell protection in tea plants growing in Mysore (12°30′ N 76°65′ E, 770 m) and Ooty (Dodabeta – 11°4090′ N, 76°6966′ E, 2623 m) has been studied. The UV radiation varies in these two places – …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Microbiology and Virology · Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2014 · pp. 1–6 Read article
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Estimation of Crude Protein, Lactose Content and Ether Extract in Different Milk Samples in Nigeria
Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical properties such as ether extract, crude protein and lactose content of cow, goat, and camel milk. Three goat milk, cow milk and camel milk samples were collected for the estimation of ether extract, crude protein, and lactose content. The results showed that ether extract (4.14±0.06), crude protein (3.49±0.05) and lactose content (4.19±0.08) is highest in the goat milk, and lowest …
Published in Research and Reviews : Journal of Dairy Science and Technology · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2022 · pp. 21–24 Read article
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Herbal Immuno-modulators- Pros and Cons
Abstract: Recently, there has been a greater global focus on plant research, and a ton of data has accumulated to show the enormous potential of the medicinal plants used in various traditional systems. In actual practise, the majority of immunostimulants and immunosuppressants are cytotoxic medications with substantial side effects. In treating immune-related disorders, there is growing interest in using herbal medicines as multi-component agents to modulate the complex immune system and …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Pharmacognosy · Vol. 10, Issue 3, 2023 · pp. 22–29 Read article
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Production of Single-domain Antibodies Library by Phage Display Technology
Abstract: Single-domain antibodies (dAbs) are synthesized from variable domain gene-segments of atypical camelid or shark “heavy chain antibodies” (HCAbs) by phage display technology. We have constructed a phage display library of > 5 × 107 dAb clones derived from HCAb genes in B lymphocyte repertoire of a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-immunized Indian desert camel and isolated dAb-phage clones by panning of the library against LPS and Staphylococcus aureus exotoxins. Nucleotide and deduced amino-acid …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Immunology · Vol. 2, Issue 3, 2012 · pp. 8–13 Read article
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Real-Time Composition: Its Applications and Educational Potential
Abstract: In this paper, the notion of Real-Time Composition (RTC) is discussed as a practice that has emerged and being consolidated with the increasing use of computationally controllable real-time generative music algorithms. RTC was developed through the use of interactive music systems and is nowadays more or less ubiquitous. The principle of RTC can be also be employed in a performance involving just humans, and parallels between RTC and musical practices …
Published in Journal of Power Electronics and Power Systems · Vol. 9, Issue 2, 2019 · pp. 33–40 Read article
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A Single-domain Antibody Cross-reacts with Lipopolysaccharide from Diverse Gram-negative Bacteria
Abstract: Gram-negative bacterial sepsis and endotoxemia are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in animals and humans worldwide, and attempts have continued to design rational therapies. Endotoxin/lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-neutralizing polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies have been produced, but are not free from problems. Single-domain antibodies (dAbs), constructed from the camelid and the shark ‘heavy chain antibodies’ by phage display technology possess favorable features for in vivo applications. The objective of this study …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Immunology · Vol. 6, Issue 2, 2016 · pp. 29–37 Read article
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A Review on Nutritional Benefits of the Black Tea
Abstract: Black tea, a cornerstone of global beverage culture, boasts a fascinating history and captivating journey from plant to cup. Derived from the Camellia sinensis plant, black tea distinguishes itself from its green tea cousin through a unique processing method. Unlike green tea, which undergoes minimal processing to preserve its fresh character, black tea undergoes full fermentation. This controlled oxidation process unlocks a deeper layer of flavor and aroma, resulting in …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Food Science & Technology · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 21–27 Read article
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Performance of Artificial Neural Network for Tree Species Identification using Sentinel-2 Data
Abstract: Accurate land cover mapping, especially concerning vegetation, is crucial for effective land use policy planning and sustainable forest management. Hence, achieving accuracy in mapping requires a deep understanding of composition changes, vegetation conditions, and the spatial distribution of tree species. In the spatial context of tree species, it holds significant potential for applications including invasive species monitoring, delineating contaminated areas, and biodiversity conservation. However, traditional methods for tree species identification …
Published in Journal of Remote Sensing & GIS · Vol. 15, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 12–21 Read article
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Comparative Insights into Bovine and Non-Bovine Milk: Composition, Technology, and Nutritional Perspectives
Abstract: Milk has long been regarded as a universal food, providing essential nutrients to humans across cultures and generations. While bovine milk, particularly from cows and buffaloes, dominates global dairy production and consumption, non-bovine milks, such as those from goats, sheep, camels, donkeys, and yaks, also play a significant role in human nutrition, especially in regions where they are traditionally consumed. The comparative study of bovine and non-bovine milk is increasingly …
Published in Research and Reviews : Journal of Dairy Science and Technology · Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 1–10 Read article
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Veterinary Mycology: Fungal Infections in Livestock and Companion Animals
Abstract: Fungal infections represent a significant yet often underestimated challenge in veterinary medicine, affecting both livestock and companion animals. Veterinary mycology encompasses a diverse group of pathogens, including yeasts, molds, dimorphic fungi, and dermatophytes, that can cause localized or systemic diseases with substantial health, economic, and zoonotic implications. In livestock species, such as cattle, sheep, goats, poultry, pigs, horses, and camels, fungal infections manifest as dermatophytosis, mycotic mastitis, aspergillosis, keratomycosis, and …
Published in Research and Reviews : Journal of Veterinary Science and Technology · Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 44–51 Read article
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An approach to adding knowledge constraints to a data-driven generative model for Carnatic rhythm sequence
Abstract: Computational models for generative music have been a recent trend in AI based technology developments. However, an entirely data-driven strategy often falls short of capturing the naturally occurring rhythmic grouping. Guedes et al. [1,2] had proposed dictionary based and stroke-grouping based approaches to generate novel sequences in the 8-beat cycle of Aditala. More recently an attempt of incorporating arithmetic partitioning, as conceived by performers, was made [3] to get rid …
Published in Trends in Electrical Engineering · Vol. 9, Issue 3, 2019 · pp. 11–17 Read article