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162 articles for “Steady-state”
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Development of a Steady State Temperature Distribution Code (STD 1.0) for Predicting Thermal-Hydraulics Parameters of MNSR
Abstract: A steady-state temperature distribution code has been developed using Visual Basic 6.0 programming language for the estimation of steady-state temperature distribution in an averaged fuel element of Miniature Neutron Source Reactor. The STD 1.0 code is composed of three parts: Main Menu Window which shows the title of the code, picture of the Nigeria Research Reactor-1 in operation and the link to the other two windows; Radial Temperature Distribution Window, …
Published in Journal of Nuclear Engineering & Technology · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2013 · pp. 1–13 Read article
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Mathematical Study and Steady-State Modeling of Simple Vapour Adsorption Refrigeration System
Abstract: Abstract This paper discusses the mathematical formulation for various heats involved during different processes of a simple vapour adsorption refrigeration cycle having activated carbon and methanol as the active working pairs. This formulation is further used and a detailed analysis of the cycle’s performance is studied based on a steady-state model prepared on the FORTRAN77 platform compiler. The analysis includes effects of the input parameters of the cycle such as …
Published in Journal of Refrigeration, Air conditioning, Heating and ventilation · Vol. 3, Issue 3, 2016 · pp. 1–13 Read article
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Steady State Visual Evoked Potential Based Brain Computer Interface System
Abstract: The steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) is a brain response that can be measured by an electroencephalogram (EEG) when a subject looks at periodic luminance- or contrast-modulated stimuli. In this study, flickering Light Emitting Diode (LED) is used as visual stimulation. Mostly, brain response is recorded using an electroencephalograph (EEG) and recorded in the brain's occipital lobe which is associated with human vision. The study encompasses key stages, beginning with …
Published in Current Trends in Signal Processing · Vol. 13, Issue 3, 2023 · pp. 35–43 Read article
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Minimization of Steady State Error of DC Motor Drive Using PID Controller
Abstract: As it is the time of advanced technology, machinery implementation is increasing very rapidly. Industries always work with the implemented technology which gives the fast and accurate response of the system. This paper includes the dc motor speed controlling using the PID controller. Close loop control system and electrical drives have the advantageous system for the technology. DC motor is used for getting best and easiest speed and torque control …
Published in Journal of Power Electronics and Power Systems · Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2018 · pp. 25–29 Read article
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Steady State and Transient Analysis of 6-Pulse Rectifier Bridges Including Faulty Diodes
Abstract: This paper addresses the steady-state and transient responses of un-controlled faulty 6-pulse diode rectifier bridge circuits. The faulty bridges can include several simultaneous diode valves’ open- or short-circuits. An efficient representation of the diodes is adopted in order to describe their performance in both the forward and reverse directions. A set of simultaneous differential and algebraic equations simulating the faulty rectifier bridge is presented. Its numerical solution is obtained through …
Published in Journal of Power Electronics and Power Systems · Vol. 10, Issue 3, 2020 · pp. 19–31 Read article
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Effect of Cell Carrier Loading on Phenol Degradation in Association with Production of Exopolymeric Substances and Biofilm Characteristics during Start up and Steady State in a Pulsed Plate Bioreactor
Abstract: Biodegradation of phenol in a continuous pulsed plate bioreactor (PPBR) using immobilized bacterial cells has been shown to be a highly efficient process. The present paper reports the studies on the effect physical characteristics of biofilm (biofilm thickness, attached dry biomass and biofilm dry density) and chemical characteristics in terms of exopolymers viz. protein, carbohydrate and humic substance produced by Pseudomonas desmolyticum (NCIM 2112) bacterial cells immobilized on granular activated …
Published in International Journal of Pollution: Prevention & Control · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 24–30 Read article
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On The Energization and Steady-State Performance of 6-Pulse Diode Bridge Rectifiers Supplying Constant Voltage Loads
Abstract: The paper addresses the analysis of 3-phase 6-pule diode bridge rectifier circuits supplying a special load category representable by constant voltage sources. The applied Mathematica-based solution technique can handle symmetrical and unsymmetrical 3-phase voltages. The presented results include the phase currents on the AC side as well as the magnitude and wave shape of the output current on the DC side. Several case studies demonstrating the impact of the source’s …
Published in Trends in Electrical Engineering · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2021 · pp. 14–23 Read article
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Gas Foil Bearings (GFBs) With Different Bump Foil Materials
Abstract: There is a significant attention on GFBs in recent times owing to its oil free technology and suitability over a wide arrays of operating conditions. However GFBs have considerably low load carrying capacity as compared to a normal gas bearings (GBs). The present paper investigated the static analysis and comparison of the load capacity of the bump-type GFBs for a simple foil configuration considering only deflection of bump foils. Different …
Published in Trends in Machine design · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2014 · pp. 31–41 Read article
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Reactive Distillation Design and Control
Abstract: This study deals with the design and control strategies of reactive distillation process. Steady state design including phase equilibrium and chemical equilibrium were studied. Dynamic simulations were conducted by designing control structure. The developed control structure contains level controller, pressure controller, temperature controller. The developed control structure has shown good performance in withstanding the various process disturbances
Published in Emerging Trends in Chemical Engineering · Vol. 3, Issue 3, 2016 · pp. 31–39 Read article
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Binary Distillation Design and Control
Abstract: This paper discusses design and control strategies of binary distillation process using ASPEN PLUS V8.8 simulating tool. Steady state design procedure for binary distillation column design to separate acrolein and propylene is explained. Dynamic simulations were conducted by designing control structure. The developed control structure contains level controllers, pressure controllers and temperature controllers. The developed control structure has shown good performance in withstanding the various process disturbances.
Published in Emerging Trends in Chemical Engineering · Vol. 3, Issue 3, 2016 · pp. 19–25 Read article
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Identifying and Implementing a Machine Learning Model Suitable for Processing Visually Evoked Potential
Abstract: A Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) is a system that translates brain activity patterns into computer commands, bypassing physical movement. Electroencephalography (EEG) is commonly used to acquire signals in BCI research. Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) are brain responses in the visual cortex to visual stimuli. Recent studies show that exposing individuals to flickering at a consistent frequency generates EEG signals synchronized with the stimulation. Efficient extraction of VEP signals begins with preprocessing …
Published in Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technologies · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 1–8 Read article
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Design and Energy Analysis of Butyl Acetate Plant using Aspen HYSYS and Aspen Energy Analyzer
Abstract: This paper discusses the design of Butyl acetate production process by using Aspen Hysys. Heat integration is performed for the entire designed plant using Aspen Energy Analyzer. The proposed design consists of a mixer, continuous stirred tank reactor and two distillation columns. Methyl acetate reacts with butyl alcohol and gives the butyl acetate, methanol. The paper is divided in to three parts. In the first part, the entire process plant …
Published in Emerging Trends in Chemical Engineering · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2014 · pp. 15–26 Read article
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Design and Control of Ethyl Acetate Production Process
Abstract: In this study, the design and control of ethyl acetate production plant has been investigated. The proposed design consists of a continuous-stirred tank reactor and two distillation columns. Ethanol reacts with acetic acid and gives ethyl acetate and water. Plant-wide operability and control of the entire process plant with decentralized controllers is explained by doing both steady state and dynamic simulations. Tray temperature control loop performance is tested for the …
Published in Emerging Trends in Chemical Engineering · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2015 · pp. 9–20 Read article
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ENHANCING CONTROL WITH EMBEDDED SSVEP-BCI
Abstract: Brain–Computer Interface (BCI) technology establishes a direct communication link between the human brain and external devices without relying on muscular activity. Among various BCI paradigms, the Steady-State Visually Evoked Potential (SSVEP)-based approach has gained significant attention due to its high signal-to-noise ratio, minimal user training, and suitability for real-time applications. However, implementing such systems on embedded hardware presents challenges such as limited computational resources, signal noise, and latency in processing. …
Published in Recent Trends in Electronics Communication Systems · Vol. 12, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 41–52 Read article
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Advanced Rail Clamping PWM Based Space Vector Algorithm for DTC Induction Motor Drive
Abstract: This paper proposes a generalized method to pulse generation using advanced rail clamping pulse width modulation (ARCPWM) sequences. The proposed space vector approach to pulse generation is generalized for various PWM sequences. The present paper considers two advanced PWM sequences viz, 0121 and 7212. The performance of various ARCPWM methods utilizing these two sequences is analyzed on a direct torque controlled (DTC) induction motor drive for a superior steady state …
Published in Trends in Electrical Engineering · Vol. 7, Issue 3, 2017 · pp. 41–59 Read article
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Maximum Power Point Tracking Using PSO with Boost Converter
Abstract: Maximum power point tracking methods are used for extraction of maximum power from solar PV panels. The characteristics of non-line panel hinder the power output from the solar panel. Earlier proposed methods like hill climbing, incremental conductance suffer from steady state and lower efficiency. This proposed evolutionary computation technique assures nearly zero steady state oscillation and faster convergence of tracking maximum power. The PSO algorithm is tested on a DC-DC …
Published in Journal of Alternate Energy Sources & Technologies · Vol. 7, Issue 2, 2016 · pp. 17–27 Read article
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Analysis of The Performance of A PV/PCM System in Variable Solar Radiation Conditions
Abstract: This paper studies the performance of a PV/PCM system operating at variable solar radiation conditions. The system has been tested for six different solar radiation levels, from 250 W/m2 to 950 W/m2 determining the steady-state temperature for every case. An algorithm has been developed to predict the steady-state temperature. This prediction has produced values within 97% accuracy of experimental data. A reduction of temperature up to 18.9ºC has been achieved. …
Published in Journal of Alternate Energy Sources & Technologies · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2021 · pp. 1–20 Read article
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Two Phase Retrial Queue Evaluation Using DEMATEL (Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory)
Abstract: In this study, retrial queues are characterized by calls that detect that all servers are busy joining the review team, and retrying their demands in random order and at random intervals. If the server is found to be busy, customers can join the review team at a random time. But they keep making the same demands, at random or at set intervals. Recurring queues are widely used to model many …
Published in Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems · Vol. 12, Issue 3, 2022 · pp. 6–19 Read article
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Comparative Study of Production of Acrylic Acid from Two Different Starting Materials: Propane and Propylene
Abstract: Acrylic acid is one of the most important raw materials for a number of products. There are several reaction pathways to produce this important commodity chemical. One of the most conventionally used methods involves the manufacture from propylene as the starting material; which is created as a by-product from industrial cracking of heavy hydrocarbons. However more propane reserves are discovered recently which highlights the opportunity to produce acrylic acid from …
Published in Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology · Vol. 11, Issue 3, 2020 · pp. 7–31 Read article
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Comparative Analyses of Select Microbial Growth Inhibited Rate Models
Abstract: Food waste is a complex substrate comprising of different mixtures of chemical compounds. The growth rate of micro-organism in such environment will experience inhibition. Consequently, the Monod’s model will not be able to describe the growth rate of its bacteria. The Aiba’s, Andrews and the Haldane’s growth rate models that are accounts for growth rate of bacteria with inhibition were compared. To do this, seven different batch experimentations; each with …
Published in Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology · Vol. 15, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 16–24 Read article