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149 articles for “Crystals and Sizes”
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Studies on Naturally Extracted Surfactant to Enhance Flow Properties of Crude Oil
Abstract: Indian heavy crude oil sample from Gujarat was studied for improvement of properties such as pour point, wax crystal structure, particle size analysis and viscosity by addition of a novel surfactant extracted from a tropical Indian plant Sapindus mukorossi. Characterization was done to find the effect of surfactant addition on individual components of the crude oil such as saturates, asphaltenes, resins and aromatics. The objective was to increase the flowability …
Published in Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology · Vol. 7, Issue 1, 2016 · pp. 42–49 Read article
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Impact of Shape, Size and Crystal Structure on Vacancy Related Properties of Gold Nanoparticles
Abstract: It is necessary to consider defects to explain the electron movement, thermal transport and mechanical properties of materials. In the present study, a simple quantitative model for cohesive energy of nanoparticles is extended to determine the size, shape and crystal structure effect on vacancy formation energy, vacancy entropy, and vibrational frequency in free surface Au nanoparticles. Vacancy entropy variation with size has been studied for spherical, regular octahedral, regular hexahedral …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 223–229 Read article
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Amendment of the Structural and Optical Properties of Solution Route Processed TiO2 Nanoparticles by Rare-Earth Europium
Abstract: Titanium oxide (TiO2) doped with Rare-earth europium (Eu) were synthesized using sol-gel technique with subsequent annealing at 300° C. The crystallite structure and phase determination was done using XRD technique. XRD technique revealed that undoped TiO2 exhibit mixed rutile and anatase phase, whereas the TiO2:Eu sample exhibit single anatase phase. SEM results revealed that the particles are spherical shaped with approximate size ~ 15 nm. Room temperature, UV measurements shows …
Published in Nano Trends – A Journal of Nano Technology & Its Applications · Vol. 20, Issue 3, 2018 · pp. 1–5 Read article
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Structural and Morphological Studies of MgO Thin Film on ITO Substrate
Abstract: MgO thin film was prepared by electrodeposition technique on ITO plate and characterized by X-ray diffractometer analysis and its size was in the range of 44 nm and its predominant peak was (311). The film was deposited on ITO plate and these thin films were prepared for device fabrication. The following qualities of the host material i.e., structure, optimum stoichiometry and surface morphological changes etc., are essential, which are the …
Published in Journal of Refrigeration, Air conditioning, Heating and ventilation · Vol. 6, Issue 3, 2019 · pp. 38–47 Read article
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Investigating the Effect of Annealing Temperatures on SnO2 Nano Structural Thin Films and their Properties
Abstract: As deposited and two different annealing temperatures (500°C and 600°C) of Tin dioxide (SnO2) thin films are prepared on glass substrates by Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD) technique and subsequently their structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties are investigated and analyzed as a function of annealing temperature. It’s found that SnO2 films exhibit different nanostructures at different annealing temperatures. XRD analysis confirms that both deposited and annealed films are cubic structure …
Published in Journal of Nanoscience, NanoEngineering & Applications · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2022 · pp. 28–39 Read article
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Modification of Structural and Electrical Properties of GDC with Sb3+ Ions
Abstract: Gadolinium doped cerium (GDC) is a potential candidate as electrolyte in the solid oxide fuel cells operating in intermediate temperatures. The optimum performance of GDC is obtained only when sintered at higher temperatures (~1400°C), where cerium is prone to reduction. Improvement in the conductivity and stability of GDC is expected by doping it with trivalent ions. In the present context, successful attempts have been made to synthesize Ce0.8Gd0.1Sb0.1O2-δ by solid …
Published in Nano Trends – A Journal of Nano Technology & Its Applications · Vol. 18, Issue 3, 2016 · pp. 27–35 Read article
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An Overview on Powder X-Ray Diffraction and Its Current Applications
Abstract: AbstractIndustries and research centres are continuously developing novel materials with light weight, higher strength and which can retain their properties at environmental temperatures. The cited properties mainly depend upon micro-structure and chemical composition of materials. Many research works focused to characterize the materials by different experiment techniques. Among them powder x-ray diffraction (XRD) is a most prominent, non-destructive technique used for investigation, characterization, and quality control of crystalline materials. Numerous …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Physics · Vol. 4, Issue 3, 2015 · pp. 6–10 Read article
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Effect of Sintering Temperature on Current-Voltage Characteristics of Nanostructured Manganites
Abstract: Normal 0 false false false EN-IN X-NONE GU MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 In the present communication, nanostructured Y0.95Ca0.05MnO3 manganites using low cost sol-gel method have been synthesized. Samples were sintered at different temperatures in order to change the particle size of the samples. The crystallite size is found to increase with sintering temperature due to crystal agglomeration effect. To understand the transport properties of the presently studied samples, current-voltage (I-V) characteristics have been …
Published in Journal of Nanoscience, NanoEngineering & Applications · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2014 · pp. 1–5 Read article
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Microbial Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles by Yeast: Sacchromyces cerevisiae
Abstract: This study outlines, low-cost, green and reproducible eukaryotic microbe yeast (Sacchromyces cerevisiae)-mediated biosynthesis of ZnO nanoparticles. Synthesis was performed by four different steps namely, isolation, treatment, transformation and extraction. Different characterization techniques were used to test the nature of nanoparticle—crystallite size and shape by X-ray diffraction, morphology by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and particle size by particle analyzer. ZnO nanoparticles were characterized in order to study different properties of the …
Published in Journal of Nanoscience, NanoEngineering & Applications · Vol. 5, Issue 2, 2015 · pp. 1–5 Read article
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Crystallinity of commercial carbon fibers from X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies
Abstract: Sized carbon fibers have commercial significance. Such carbon fibers serves has excellent reinforcing material with the polymer resin filler matrix leading to the formation of carbon fiber reinforced composites (CFRCs). Polarized carbon fibers find applications in the realms of health, energy, environment, defence, catalysis and smart materials. For brevities sake, the focus of the current research paper is only on the structural characterization of carbon fibers using XRD. The structure …
Published in International Journal of Photochemistry and Photochemical Research · Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2023 · pp. 17–27 Read article
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Advanced x-Ray Analysis for Less-Crystalline and Complex Materials
Abstract: An effort to manufacture materials with the least and precise radar signature for stealth and controlled guidance respectively, essentially uses advanced techniques to characterize materials, for detecting crystal confinement in still smaller volumes, to estimate entity sizes, unwanted noise and structure factors. Raison d’etre for selection of advanced and special materials with less crystallinity, combined with precise control over weathering, to minimize crystal developments, for acquiring stealth and targeting with …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Space Science & Technology · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2022 · pp. 1–6 Read article
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Swift heavy Ion Irradiation Effects on Structural and Spectroscopic Properties of Nanocomposites of Polypyrrole Nanotubes and Silver Nanoparticles
Abstract: Polypyrrole nanotubes-silver nanoparticle nanocomposites (PPy-NTs:Ag-NPs) have been synthesized by in-situ reduction of silver nitrate (AgNO3) to suppress the agglomeration of Ag-NPs. The synthesized nanocomposite has been irradiated with 100 MeV Si9+ ion beam. The structural and spectroscopic properties of the nanocomposites after irradiation have been studied by SEM, XRD, Raman and UV-vis spectroscopy. Decrease in size of the nanotubes has been observed from SEM micrographs due to swift heavy ion …
Published in Journal of Nanoscience, NanoEngineering & Applications · Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2018 · pp. 1–6 Read article
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Sonochemical Synthesis and Photo-Catalytic Study of Cd Doped Znse Nanoparticles
Abstract: Cd doped ZnSe nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized with sonochemical process by reacting high purity acetates and sodium selenosulphate at 343 K. The size of nanoparticles was calculated by using powder XRD. It shows the crystalline size ranging between 35.3 nm to 45.44 nm. XRD further shows that ZnSe nanocrystallites are polycrystalline in nature and belong to the hexagonal phase. SEM shows that the particles are spherical in shape. Effect …
Published in Nano Trends – A Journal of Nano Technology & Its Applications · Vol. 17, Issue 1, 2015 · pp. 32–41 Read article
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Lattice Parameter and Grain Size of Hydroxyl apatite of Enamel that Exposured by Sunti Acid (Averrhoa bilimbi l)
Abstract: The structure of Hydroxyl apatite (HA) were changed by acid exposure both in the core and crystal wall in 180 min. Sunti acid (Averrhoa bilimbi l) is one of the most popular traditional foods in Aceh that has a pH 2.1 that could improve the structure of HA. Nanostructure change of the HA ultimately affect the strength and macro structure of tooth enamel. The objective of this study is to …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Dentistry · Vol. 2, Issue 1-3, 2011 · pp. 39–44 Read article
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Effect of Disorder in Nanocrystalline La0.5Pr0.2Ca1–xBaxMnO3 Manganites
Abstract: Nanocrystalline samples of La0.5Pr0.2Ca0.3–xBaxMnO3 (LPCBMO) (x = 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25 and 0.30) manganites were successfully synthesized by employing prolonged grinding process in conventional solid-state reaction route. The obtained value of crystallite size (CS) varies from 76 nm in lower doped sample (x = 0.05) to 13 nm in the sample doped with Ba2+ (x) = 0.05. The variation in CS with x has been discussed in the context …
Published in Nano Trends – A Journal of Nano Technology & Its Applications · Vol. 16, Issue 1, 2014 Read article
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Sol-Gel Auto-Combustion Synthesis and LPG Sensing Performance of Mg(x) Fe(x-1)2O4 (X=0.1 to 0.9) Nanoparticles
Abstract: Spinal ferrites are having important electronic materials because of their electrical and magnetic properties. MgFe2O4 gas sensors have important parameters such as phase formation, crystallite size, particle size, grain size, surface area etc. The present work provides comprehensive study of the mesoporous Mg(x)Fe(x-1)2O4 nanoparticles which were synthesized via sol-gel auto-combustion method. The main objective of the current research is to study the influence by increasing the concentration of ferrite with …
Published in Nano Trends – A Journal of Nano Technology & Its Applications · Vol. 19, Issue 1, 2017 · pp. 48–58 Read article
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Structural Properties of Spin Coated Multilayered Cupric Oxide Thin Films
Abstract: AbstractCuO thin films were spin-coated at 1500, 2200 and 2400 rpm for 30 sec, and subsequently annealed at 150–550°C for 1 h. Multi-layered CuO thin films were prepared including three and five layers. These thin films were characterized using XRD, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and polarizing light microscopy. The XRD and FTIR analysis confirmed the crystallization of CuO phase in thin films annealed above 350°C, and corresponding crystallite sizes were …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Physics · Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2015 · pp. 8–13 Read article
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Structural and Electrical Characterization of Mn-Zn Substituted CaSr2: W-Type Hexaferrite
Abstract: AbstractIn the present investigation the samples with chemical composition CaSr2 (Mn-Zn)x/2Fe16- xO27 (x= 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0) have been synthesized by using chemical co-precipitation method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to study structure, lattice constants, crystallites size, x-ray density, bulk density, porosity and shape of ferrite powders. The prepared samples were found to have W-type hexagonal structure with the lattice parameters a= (5.77 Å–5.82 …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Physics · Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2016 · pp. 11–17 Read article
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Synthesis and Characterization of Mg doped ZnFe2O4
Abstract: AbstractSingle-phase Mg-doped ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles with x= 0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 have been prepared by the glycol-thermal method without any subsequent calcination. The crystallite size, microstructure and magnetic properties of the prepared nanoparticles were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), high resolution scanning electron microscope (TEM), Mössbauer spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometer at room temperature. The XRD results revealed the production of a sharp single cubic spinel structure in all the synthesized …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Physics · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2020 · pp. 57–65 Read article
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Nanostructure-Induced Thermoelectric Enhancement in Bi₂Te₃ Nanorods Design, Analysis, and Performance Evaluation
Abstract: Thermoelectric materials capable of efficient energy conversion near room temperature are critical for waste heat recovery applications. In this work, solution-grown Bi₂Te₃ nanorods were synthesized via a trioctylphosphine-assisted thermal decomposition route, and the influence of surfactant-induced nanostructuring on their thermoelectric properties was systematically investigated. Structural analysis using X-ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement confirmed the formation of rhombohedral Bi₂Te₃ with the emergence of Bi₂Te₃–BiTe nanocomposites at higher surfactant concentrations. Electron microscopy …
Published in International Journal of Energy and Thermal Applications · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 34–44 Read article