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199 articles for “DB”
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Design and Validation of Slot Coupled Rectangular Half Mode SIW Antenna
Abstract: This paper presents the design and performance analysis of a Rectangular Half Mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide (HMSIW) antenna configuration to attain higher gain and multiband characteristics with the compact size. It is possible to produce multiband properties by placing variously shaped slots on the top of the patch and ground surface. To attain the necessary gain and multiband resonance characteristics, the type of the slot, dimension optimization, and position optimization …
Published in Journal of Telecommunication, Switching Systems and Networks · Vol. 10, Issue 2, 2023 · pp. 14–21 Read article
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Characterization of Low Power-Low Jitter Digital PLL
Abstract: The architecture design is being done in transistor level and tool which supports transistor level design. Mentor Graphics Tool is used for transistor level design and its simulation design. There are few tools which support design simulation like HSpice, Spectre and PSpice. Also a foundry support is from Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation (TSMC) (i.e.) technology model files 180 nm from TSMC for simulation. This article presents design for 1.5 GHz …
Published in Journal of VLSI Design Tools and Technology · Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2018 · pp. 23–32 Read article
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A High Performance Reference Circuit with Optimized Input Offset Operational Amplifier using Device Mismatch Model
Abstract: In this paper, author describes a band gap reference (BGR) circuit, having reference voltage 1.20V with maximum temperature coefficient of 63 ppm/0C in temperature range of –40 to 120 0C. The circuit operates in range of supply voltage, 3.0V to 3.6V. An operational amplifier (op-amp), whose input offset voltage is reduced upto 892 µV using Pelgrom’s device mismatch model is used in BGR. The power supply rejection ratio of circuit …
Published in Journal of VLSI Design Tools and Technology · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2013 · pp. 1–7 Read article
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A New Sub-1 Volt Reference for Low Voltage Application Based on MOSFET’s Threshold Voltage Extractor
Abstract: A CMOS voltage reference circuit featuring MOS transistors threshold voltage extractor has been developed. The circuit implemented using 0.35µm CMOS AMS process generates a reference of 574 mV for a power supply of 3.3V with 726µW power consumption. The circuit presents a variation of 43 ppm/ºC for the –10 to –110ºC temperature, and 18.6 dB PSRR at 1 KHz. A vital analytical approach is presented to provide a universal design …
Published in Journal of VLSI Design Tools and Technology · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2013 · pp. 14–19 Read article
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Trends Analysis of Temperature and Rainfall over Nguru, a Floodplain of Hadejia-Nguru Wetlands, Nigeria
Abstract: Abstract:This paper present the trends of meteorological parameters over Nguru, floodplain of Hadejia- Nguru Wetlands, Nigeria, with the aim of revealing increasing or decreasing trend within a 40 years monthly time series data of minimum temperature, maximum temperature, average temperature and rainfall. A non-parametric Mann-Kendall trend test and Sen’s slope estimate was used to analyse trends exhibited by the variables. The results reveal annual increasing (upward) trends of temperatures (minimum, …
Published in Journal of Water Resource Engineering and Management · Vol. 4, Issue 3, 2017 · pp. 1–9 Read article
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Study of Traffic Noise in the City Agartala
Abstract: This paper refers to a study of the impact of road traffic noise in a heterogeneous traffic flow condition in the city Agartala. The traffic noise levels were monitored using sound level meter SL-4001 everyday at 48 locations for 7 days and simultaneous measurements were done regarding vehicle flow, spot speed and distance of residence from the road. The measured noise levels were further converted to equivalent noise level (Leq) …
Published in Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology · Vol. 2, Issue 1-3, 2012 · pp. 153–159 Read article
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Power Quality Improved AC-DC Sepic converter Used for Welding application
Abstract: Abstract— In this paper high frequency isolated ac-dc single phase single ended primary inductance converter (SEPIC) are proposed. Due to use of HF transformer more gain and high power is obtain. Proposed converter offers increased gain which is step-down in nature having less stress on current and also high efficiency. This paper described analysis modeling, and simulation of proposed converter. The performance is described in terms of power quality like …
Published in Recent Trends in Electronics Communication Systems · Vol. 6, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 24–30 Read article
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Rectenna for Low Power Wireless Applications
Abstract: This paper presents a rectenna that is designed and simulated to power the wireless sensor systems at 3.12 GHz. The antenna substrate is designed with glass epoxy. The rectenna circuit has been simulated on the glass epoxy and RF-to-DC conversation is investigated for power level -5dBm. The presented antenna has the impedance bandwidth of 58.34%, i.e. from 2.61GHz to 4.76 GHz with a gain of 2.67dBi.Keywords: Rectenna, RF-to-DC, micro strip …
Published in Trends in Electrical Engineering · Vol. 8, Issue 1, 2018 · pp. 19–23 Read article
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Wearable Rectenna Array for Wireless Power Transmission
Abstract: This paper explains about design of wearable antenna array which is used for receiving the microwave power transmitted at dual frequencies. Direct current power is obtained at the end of rectifying antenna or (Rectenna) composed with filter and Schottky diode. Proposed wearable antenna is designed on jeans textile as a substrate and copper foil tap as conducting material. The antenna array has the dual band resonating frequencies which are 4.65 …
Published in Trends in Electrical Engineering · Vol. 8, Issue 1, 2018 · pp. 59–64 Read article
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Design of Ultrafast Optical Full Subtractor Link and Performance Analysis
Abstract: AbstractThis article illustrates proposed optical full subtractor schematic through SOA-MZI, yield borrow and difference outputs concurrently. The objective has been accomplished by exploiting nonlinear attributes with SOA. Numerical simulations have been executed and craving optical subtractor output waveforms have been verified at 100 Gbps data rate. Optimization criterion for the design’s performance measurement is taken as Q-factor and the extinction ratio factor. The subtractor output difference and borrow outcomes with …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 7, Issue 3, 2017 · pp. 7–20 Read article
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Improved Low Confinement Photonic Crystal Fiber with Ultra Flattened Dispersion
Abstract: AbstractIn this study, to obtain lower value of dispersion with flatness for wideband, more complicated design will be proposed with multiple-hole diameter and shapes. Confinement loss is also reduced by increasing the number of rings. We optimized cladding region in which there are holes of different diameter and shapes. Numerical investigation shows that value of confinement loss is very low -0.00116 dB/Km and ultra-flat dispersion over wideband at operating frequency …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2018 · pp. 1–5 Read article
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Some Investigations with Ultra High Speed Low Power All Optical digital Logic Gates
Abstract: AbstractThis paper illustrates design for an all-optical optical inverter and universal digital logic NAND gate using NRZ format, realized by MZI structure. Miscellaneous evaluations have been done to examine the designs performance in terms of their generated output waveforms. Simulations have been done for significant design parameters as chirp factor, laser power and bit error rate at different data-rates. Optical Logical gate outputs have been verified. It showed good design …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 8, Issue 3, 2018 · pp. 17–30 Read article
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Passive Capillary Flow of Aqueous Microparticle Suspensions in the Sudden Expansion PMMA Microchannels
Abstract: AbstractAuthor has fabricated a set of sudden expansions micro channels in the polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) microfluidic devices by the maskless lithography, hot embossing lithography, drilling, air dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma processing, direct bonding technique and chip separation technique. The surface-driven capillary flow of dyed water and three individual aqueous microparticle suspensions are studied with respect to the effects of channel aspect ratio, effective viscosity and surface wettability. The number densities …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 7, Issue 1, 2017 · pp. 13–17 Read article
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Experimental Investigations on the Effects of Channel Aspect Ratio and Surface Wettability to Control the Surface-Driven Capillary Flow of Water in Straight PMMA Microchannels
Abstract: AbstractTotal 214 individual straight polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) microchannels have been fabricated by the maskless lithography, hot embossing lithography, direct bonding technique, and atmospheric pressure air dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma processing. The experimental investigations on the effects of structural properties (channel aspect ratios) and physical properties (surface wettability, capillary pressure and kinetic energy) on the surface-driven capillary flow of dyed water in straight PMMA microchannels is a novel approach in this …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 6, Issue 3, 2016 · pp. 1–12 Read article
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Analysis of Saturation Power based on Device Structural Parameters of a 1550 nm Symmetrical MQW Semiconductor Optical Amplifier
Abstract: AbstractThis paper presents the effect of device structure parameters on the saturation power of a 1550 nm symmetrical Multi Quantum Well (MQW) Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA) for a small signal amplifier gain of 30 dB. Expressions are given to assess this dependency and the results indicate that saturation power decreases with the increase of the number of wells, well thickness and length but increases with the increase of barrier thickness. …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2015 · pp. 13–18 Read article
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Performance Analysis of a 1550nm MQW VCSEL by Varying Injection Current
Abstract: AbstractIn this work, the performance of a 1550nm top emitting multi quantum well (MQW) vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) has been obtained for the selected quaternary compound In0.53Ga0.47As0.88P0.12 quantum well material the peak material gain is obtained as 1425cm-1. The optical output power of 31.35dBm and the resonance frequency of 5.8GHz are obtained at 6.1mA of injection current. Further by increasing the injection current up to 12mA a maximum …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2013 · pp. 25–29 Read article
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An Optimized Configuration of Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF) for High Birefrigent and Low Loss Application using FDTD Method
Abstract: AbstractTwo simplified structures are theoretically designed for high birefringence and low loss guiding photonic crystal fiber at operating wavelength 1.55 µm. The effective index, birefringence and confinement loss are obtained using finite difference time domain method. Simulation result shows that the maximum modal birefringence is equal to 86.33x10-5 for one configuration and lowest confinement loss in another configuration is nearly equal to 0.70x10-2 dB/Km at same operating wavelength.Keyword: birefringence, FDTD …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 3, Issue 3, 2013 · pp. 1–8 Read article
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Characterizing L-Band EDFA for WDM Optical Communication using Implicit Analytical Model
Abstract: ABSTRACT In this paper, some of the significant design parameters of L-band EDFA such as choice of optimum pump wavelength, optimum erbium-doped fiber (EDF) length, and optimum pump power have been characterized by solving implicit analytical signal gain equation using simulation as derived for C-band EDFA by F. F. Rühl. After determining optimum pump wavelength, optimum pump power and optimum EDF length, performance of L-band signal amplification has been shown …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 2, Issue 3, 2012 · pp. 8–16 Read article
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Microstrip Leaky-Wave Antenna with Reduced Ground Plane
Abstract: ABSTRACT This paper is aimed to find the microstrip leaky-wave antenna. The above antenna has become interesting due to its simple shape and geometry. This paper uses a reduced ground plane which can improve the bandwidth of the proposed antenna. This antenna has been simulated on CST-microwave suit software and got fabricated on PCB. The simulated measurements show that the proposed antenna achieves an operating bandwidth of 800 MGHz for …
Published in Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems · Vol. 2, Issue 3, 2012 · pp. 33–37 Read article
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Design of Ultra Wideband Square Aperture Shaped Microstrip (ASM) Antenna
Abstract: AbstractA compact coplanar waveguide-fed (CPW) microstrip antenna for ultra-wideband (UWB) wireless communication is presented. The antenna comprises a square aperture (24 mm × 24 mm) etched on the ground-plane of a printed circuit board and a modified rectangular shaped stub, also total size of the antenna is 30 mm × 30 mm. The lower edge of the band is attained by properly decoupling the resonant frequencies due to proper selection …
Published in Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2013 · pp. 15–19 Read article