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167 articles for “low incomes”
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Design of a Plant for the Production of Ammonia and Urea Using Aspen HYSYS
Abstract: The design of a plant for the production of 1800 MT/Day of ammonia and 1400 MT/Day of urea using aspen HYSYS was carried out in this work. Ammonia is produced through the Haber-Bosch process, where hydrogen and nitrogen react in the presence of a catalyst producing mixture containing ammonia while urea is produced by the reaction between ammonia and carbon IV oxide. In this work, aspen HYSYS, chemical engineering design …
Published in Emerging Trends in Chemical Engineering · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2022 · pp. 29–44 Read article
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Influence of process parameter on Lack of Fusion in T.I.G. welding of S.S. 304 – A Review
Abstract: The T.I.G. welding or gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process is widely used in many appliances because of its versatility in industry. For GTAW process, metals like carbon steel, stainless steel, aluminium, copper, low-alloy steel and non-metal also are widely used in all positions. Butt joint, lap joint, T-joint, edge joint, corner joint are the common types of joints used in welding. The incompletely fused spots like porosity that occurs …
Published in Journal of Industrial Safety Engineering · Vol. 6, Issue 2, 2019 · pp. 26–31 Read article
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Sustainable Food Packaging: Recent Advances in Biodegradable and Smart Packaging Technologies
Abstract: Fish farming is a vital source of livelihood, income, and nutritional security, especially in regions where aquaculture is embedded in local economies and culture. In India’s Mithila region (Bihar), fish (machh) holds substantial cultural, economic, and nutritional significance. This research analyzes the economics of pond-based fish production in Madhubani district, focusing on Benipatti Block, an area with high pond density. The study investigates determinants of productivity, profitability, and resource utilization, …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Food Science & Technology · Vol. 15, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 59–68 Read article
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Economics of Fish Production and Marketing: A Case Study of Madhubani District in Bihar
Abstract: Fish farming is a vital source of livelihood, income, and nutritional security, especially in regions where aquaculture is embedded in local economies and culture. In India’s Mithila region (Bihar), fish (machh) holds substantial cultural, economic, and nutritional significance. This research analyzes the economics of pond-based fish production in Madhubani district, focusing on Benipatti Block, an area with high pond density. The study investigates determinants of productivity, profitability, and resource utilization, …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology · Vol. 15, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 101–115 Read article
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Knowledge and Practice of Self-Administration of Insulin Injections among Diabetic Patients
Abstract: High blood glucose levels are a hallmark of diabetes mellitus, a chronic and crippling illness. According to estimates from the World Health Organization (WHO), 530 million persons globally have diabetes. Diabetes management requires education, and educating patients how to administer insulin injections on their own can give them the power to take charge of their health. The purpose of this study was to evaluate diabetic patients who visited the diabetes …
Published in Journal of Nursing Science & Practice · Vol. 15, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 29–33 Read article
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Quick Reach Alert System
Abstract: This project presents the design and implementation of a compact and low-cost GPS tracking system using the A9G module. The system is capable of tracking real-time location, sending emergency alerts, and providing audio surveillance. It includes an SOS button that, when pressed, immediately sends the user’s current GPS location via SMS to a predefined phone number. Additionally, the system allows remote audio monitoring through a microphone connected to the A9G …
Published in Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems · Vol. 15, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 34–40 Read article
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Vegetation Area Monitoring Through NDVI Technique: A Case Study of Dengei Pahad Micro Watershed, Khurda District, Odisha
Abstract: Watershed treatment includes implementation of participatory micro-watershed-based soil and moisture conservation programs and income generation through proper natural resource management areas. This has led to increased productivity and income. Training and holistic management along with aforestation programs has led to reduction of silt flow to the lake. The assessment revealed that land degradation in the drainage basin not only leads to enhanced silt flow into the lagoon but also causes …
Published in Journal of Remote Sensing & GIS · Vol. 6, Issue 1, 2015 · pp. 11–16 Read article
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Interpretive Structural Modeling for Water Supply Service in India
Abstract: This paper develops a systematic assessment of the sustainability of water services provided to the consumers in rural, urban and municipality area in India and finds the interrelation between different dimensions by interpretive structural modeling. Given the conflicting preferences among the stakeholders and the incomplete, uncertain and contradictory understanding about water service by the Indian consumers, it is recognized that managing water resources sustainably is a wicked problem. In India …
Published in Journal of Offshore Structure and Technology · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2015 · pp. 17–33 Read article
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A Review of Formation of Oxygen-Related Donors (ODs) and Impurity Concentration in Step-Annealed Czochralski Silicon
Abstract: Czochralski (CZ) silicon being one of the two methods of silicon crystallization, the one that is used commercially for device fabrication, needs to be studied more closely. Hence, the Generation and behaviour of thermal donors (TD) and new donors (ND) as a result of pre-annealing at moderate temperature 480°C of carbon-rich boron-doped (p-type) CZ-silicon has been studied here, as function of annealing time by Hall studies and resistivity measurements in …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Physics · Vol. 12, Issue 3, 2023 · pp. 1–6 Read article
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Climate Change and Floating Farming: Sustainable Livelihood Strategy in Bangladesh
Abstract: The paper discussed the significance of floating farming in Bangladesh. It has found that the tradition of growing vegetables, fruits and spices on rafts has now become a solution for farmers to cope with extreme weather conditions, floods and rising seas. Land cultivation is becoming more popular among farmers in many regions due to high market prices. Floating bed cultivation has now been extended to wet and intermittently irrigated areas …
Published in International Journal of Climate Conditions · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 43–49 Read article
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The Effect of Irsal-E-Alaq (Leech) in the Management of Varicose Vein: A Review
Abstract: The varicose vein is defined as “dilated tortuous and elongated superficial vein of lower limb. Dawali (varicose veins) is one of the commonest categories of primary venous insufficiency. In Unani system of medicine, “Dawali” is described in almost all classical books of Unani medicine, synonymous with varicose veins. Varicose veins are classified into primary and secondary types. Primary varicose veins occur more frequently, and are caused by incompetent or absent …
Published in Research & Reviews : A Journal of Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy · Vol. 4, Issue 3, 2017 · pp. 13–18 Read article
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An Evaluative Study of the Teaching Programme in Brushing Technique in Lower Primary School Children 3–6 years of Age at Katapadi: Udupi Karnataka, India
Abstract: The Objectives of this study are to assess the dental status of the children, to assess the brushing technique of the children, to prepare and to validate a teaching programme on brushing technique., to find the effectiveness of the teaching programme in terms of skill and dental status of the children, to find the association between dental status and brushing technique, to find the association between pre test brushing skill …
Published in Journal of Nursing Science & Practice · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2013 · pp. 1–7 Read article
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A Cross-sectional Study to Analyse Level of Stress among Nursing Students of Christ College of Nursing, Jagdalpur, Chhattisgarh
Abstract: Nursing education combines rigorous academic training with demanding clinical responsibilities, exposing students to multiple stressors that may affect their psychological well-being, academic performance, and professional growth. Assessing stress levels and their association with socio-demographic variables is essential for developing effective support strategies. This study aimed to assess the level of stress among nursing students and determine its association with selected socio-demographic characteristics. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 …
Published in Journal of Nursing Science & Practice · Vol. 16, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 1–10 Read article
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Progeria Syndrome Unveiled: A Scientific Odyssey into Premature Aging Mechanisms and Therapeutic Frontiers
Abstract: Progeria, or Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS), is a rare and fatal genetic disorder in childhood, exhibiting features akin to premature aging. Despite normal appearances in infancy, affected children face accelerated aging with distinct facial characteristics, including micrognathia, dental malformations, lower body weight, early hair loss, decreased joint mobility, lipodystrophy, etc. The cause of HGPS is a point mutation that occurs at the exon 11 of the LMNA gene which normally …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Health Professions · Vol. 14, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 52–68 Read article
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Herbal Medicines and Complementary Therapies: Their Role, Types, and Applications
Abstract: Medicinal plants are used in herbal medicine to treat and prevent illnesses. This includes the use of standardized and titrated botanical extracts in addition to common and traditional medicines from different cultures. The safety of a treatment may be suggested by its long history and deep cultural roots in traditional medical systems, but this does not always imply that it is effective. This is especially important in herbal medicine, since …
Published in Emerging Trends in Personalized Medicines · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 40–53 Read article
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Determinants of the Adoption of chemical Fertilizer in Kaffa, Bench Sheko and Sheka zones of Southwest Ethiopia
Abstract: Agriculture is the backbone of the Ethiopian economy, but the production system was backward, and the adoption of agricultural technology was low. This study aims to identify and determine factors affecting smallholder farmers' adoption of chemical fertilizer. Bita, Chena, Andiracha, and Sheyi Bench district of the southwest Ethiopia region was selected for this study. Household individual survey interview, key informant interview, and focus group discussion were the primary data collection …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology · Vol. 15, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 1–12 Read article
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Daily Rozgaar: A Web-Based Platform for Localized Job Matching of Blue-Collar Workers
Abstract: In India, a large number of people are employed in the informal labor market, particularly blue-collar jobs such as electricians, plumbers, carpenters, masons, painters and other laborers. Despite their essential contribution in domestic and small-scale service demands, particularly in semi-urban and rural areas, these workers have a high reliance on word-of-mouth networks and localized contacts for employment opportunities. Such dependence often leads to limited job visibility, unstable patterns of income, …
Published in Journal of Web Engineering & Technology · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 33–44 Read article
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Prevalence of Sexual Violence and Its Associated Factors Among Female Night Time Students of Junior And Secondary Schools in Mekelle City, Northern Ethiopia, 2013
Abstract: Sexual violence refers to any sexual act directed against a person’s sexuality by any person regardless of their relationship to the victim. Sexual violence is prevalent and is a major public health and human rights problem worldwide. The problem is not different from this in Ethiopia. However, lack of data has hindered full understanding and development of appropriate interventions. The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Medical Science and Technology · Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2015 · pp. 6–20 Read article
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Farmers In India: Impact of Minimum Support Price, Exploitation in Mandis, and Conditions Leading to Distress Selling
Abstract: Indian agriculture remains dominated by small and marginal farmers who face persistent income insecurity despite the existence of the Minimum Support Price (MSP) system. The MSP, designed to provide remunerative prices and food‑security procurement, has produced significant benefits in select regions and crops—especially wheat and paddy in states like Punjab, Haryana, and Madhya Pradesh. However, its coverage is uneven, with many farmers in pulses, oilseeds, and horticulture regions selling below …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology · Vol. 15, Issue 3, 2026 Read article
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ECG System based on ATMEGA 16 Microcontroller
Abstract: AbstractOur paper describes the electrocardiography (ECG) monitoring system based on ATMEGA 16 microcontroller. To detect R-peak detection and heart rate monitoring, the authors used ATMEGA 16 microcontroller with inbuilt analog-to-digital (ADC). Our device is low cost and portable, so that it can help in home monitoring of ECG data. The basic aim of our roject is the detection of abnormality or emergency condition, before they prove to be dangerous. ECG …
Published in Journal of Microcontroller Engineering and Applications · Vol. 4, Issue 3, 2017 · pp. 11–15 Read article