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190 articles for “Step-5”
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Utilization and Socioeconomic Impact of Biofuel Adoption Among Farming Communities in Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab
Abstract: With the increasing consumption of energy and environmental issues, transformation toward renewable energy is being considered as a trend globally. Biofuels such as biogas and biodiesel provide potential alternative to fossil based fuel, particularly, in the rural parts of India, including Punjab. These clean sources, however, are not only contributing to environment but also have a potential to improve the rural economy by saving costs and having better health. Despite …
Published in Research and Reviews : Journal of Crop science and Technology · Vol. 15, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 38–45 Read article
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Air Pollution and Immune Disorders in Women from Urban Punjab: A Clinical and Epidemiological Study
Abstract: Background: Urban Punjab, particularly cities like Ludhiana, Amritsar, and Jalandhar, experiences some of the highest air pollution levels in India due to industrial activity, vehicular emissions, and agricultural practices. Despite this, gender-specific health impacts—especially related to immune function—remain inadequately studied. Objective of the study is to investigate the relationship between air pollution exposure and immune-related disorders in women residing in urban Punjab. A cross-sectional study was conducted from 2022 to …
Published in International Journal of Environmental Noise and Pollution Control · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 36–40 Read article
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Design of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for WBAN Application
Abstract: AbstractThis paper presents a microstrip patch antenna with frequency of 2.47 GHz with substrate of FR4 Epoxy with relative permittivity of 4.4. Due to very low cost and excellent mechanical properties it is ideal for wide range of electronic component applications. Here we have cut four rectangular corners on the patch. We have first cut one corner then we found the return loss as -15.6db and gain as 5.679.To improve …
Published in Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technologies · Vol. 7, Issue 1, 2020 · pp. 25–33 Read article
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The Intelligibility in Context Scale in Tamil—Reliability and Validity Measures
Abstract: Objective: The Intelligibility in Context Scale (ICS) was originally developed by Sharynne McLeod, Linda J. Harrison and Jane McCormack in 2012. It is a 7 item parent-rated questionnaire designed to assess speech intelligibility in very young children using a quantitative score out of 5. It is intended to supplement other clinical measures of speech intelligibility in providing a comprehensive picture of the speech of children with several speech impairments (speech …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Medical Science and Technology · Vol. 8, Issue 3, 2019 · pp. 16–21 Read article
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Design Of Multi-Bit Chipless RFID Tag Using Hybrid Resonator For Retail And Healthcare Applications
Abstract: Resonators play a very important role in chipless radio frequency identification (RFID) systems. To overcome the challenges like cost, compact dimension, and high coding capacity, chipless transponders are highly facilitated for the advancement in chipless RFID technology. This research aims to investigate innovative design options for passive RFID transponders operating in a wide range of frequencies in order to address the aforementioned issues and contribute to RFID technology advancement. To …
Published in Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technologies · Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2021 · pp. 35–43 Read article
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NANOBOTS - The Artificial Blood
Abstract: Artificial blood is simulated to biological blood to higher extent where it is expected to be used to imitate and accomplish some very important functions of natural blood. Thus, nanobots can be a good alternative to blood transfusion in case of medical emergency too. They have several advantages like possibility of highly targeted delivery which will ultimately decrease the side effects and the need for invasive steps combinedly NANOBOTS—The artificial …
Published in Trends in Drug Delivery · Vol. 5, Issue 2, 2018 · pp. 20–22 Read article
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Intermittent Fasting: Exploring the Benefits and Risks of Intermittent Fasting for Weight Loss and Overall Health
Abstract: Perception in Intermittent Fasting: One novel approach for managing weight is intermittent fasting (IF) which is gaining more popularity in recent days. This research investigates advantages and disadvantages of IF with an emphasis on its impact on metabolic processes, cardiovascular health, cognitive abilities, and changes in hormone levels. Methods: A literature review comprising randomized clinical trials, cohort studies, and meta-analyses of peer-reviewed publications was performed. A resolution was obtained by …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Herbal Science · Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 24–29 Read article
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A Study on Site Selection Component of Model Logistics Park: A Case of Uttar Pradesh, India
Abstract: Uttar Pradesh, India’s 4th largest state and 3rd largest economy eyeing being a One trillion-dollar economy. Among the top 5 manufacturing states of India, home to the second-highest number of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (organized and unorganized) in India. The National Highways Logistics Management Limited under the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH) and the National Highways Authority of India proposed Multi-Modal Logistics Parks (MMLPs) as an initiative …
Published in Trends in Transport Engineering and Applications · Vol. 9, Issue 2, 2022 Read article
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Lifestyle Factors and Perceptions of Diabetes Among Individuals in North India
Abstract: Background: Diabetes mellitus is influenced by a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. In North India, unique socio-cultural and dietary patterns shape individual behaviors and perceptions toward diabetes. Understanding these lifestyle choices and cultural beliefs is critical for designing interventions that improve adherence to medical treatment and promote healthier outcomes.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1,500 individuals diagnosed with diabetes across selected urban and rural districts in …
Published in International Journal of Tropical Medicines · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 1–7 Read article
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Review on Drying of Tea Leaf during Manufacturing Process.
Abstract: India is the world's largest tea producer, and Assam contributes about 55 per cent of India's total production making it the largest tea growing area in the world. Tea production started in the early 1800s, during the British period. Maniram Dewan was Assam's first tea-maker. In the first two decades (1840–1860), the cultivation and production of Assam tea was monopolized by the Assam Company, which worked in Upper Assam districts …
Published in Journal of Catalyst & Catalysis · Vol. 7, Issue 1, 2020 · pp. 24–32 Read article
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Perception and Implementation of Sports Safety Measures Among University Physical Education Instructors in Punjab: A Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract: Introduction: Considerable attention must be focused on sports safety as it is a constituent of thephysical education (PE) curriculum at the university level, in view of the frequent and vigorous engagement in physical activities. While there is general acknowledgement of the existence of safetymeasures, the extent to which such measures are put into practice may differ. This research examines the perceptions and practices related to sports safety of university PE …
Published in Recent Trends in Sports · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 45–55 Read article
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A New Method to Optimize Initial Cluster Number and Then Apply K-Means Algorithm to Perform Image Segmentation
Abstract: Clustering is described as the task of merely grouping a set of data points, which in our case are represented by image pixels, with the application of one or more algorithms, into super-pixels. The k-means clustering algorithm is used for many day-to-day practical applications where the quality of the obtained clusters depends heavily on the initial selection of centroids. In literature, several methods have already been proposed for the improvement …
Published in Journal of Multimedia Technology & Recent Advancements · Vol. 5, Issue 2, 2018 · pp. 18–24 Read article
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Automatic Image Description Generation Using Deep Learning Techniques
Abstract: Automatic Image Description Generation methods are extremely useful for image retrieval, search and organization. Previous approaches either use the existing labelled dataset to compose sentences or compose a new description for the test image by exploiting available descriptions of the training images. In practice these methods have limited accuracy, hence if the most important objects in an image cannot be identified, then they cannot generate valid description. Another difficulty lies …
Published in Journal of Mobile Computing, Communications & Mobile Networks · Vol. 6, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 28–37 Read article
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Knowledge, Awareness, and Perceptions of Cervical Cancer and Screening Among Women in Rural South India
Abstract: Background: Cervical cancer is still a major public health problem in South India, with rising figures of morbidity and mortality, in spite of progress in prevention, early detection, and treatment. Cervical cancer is the second leading cause of death due to cancer among Indian women, with around 123000 new cases and 67000 deaths every year. The delay in diagnosing CVD and low participation in screening programs is due to poor …
Published in International Journal of Oncological Nursing and Practices · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 1–8 Read article
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Microbial Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles by Yeast: Sacchromyces cerevisiae
Abstract: This study outlines, low-cost, green and reproducible eukaryotic microbe yeast (Sacchromyces cerevisiae)-mediated biosynthesis of ZnO nanoparticles. Synthesis was performed by four different steps namely, isolation, treatment, transformation and extraction. Different characterization techniques were used to test the nature of nanoparticle—crystallite size and shape by X-ray diffraction, morphology by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and particle size by particle analyzer. ZnO nanoparticles were characterized in order to study different properties of the …
Published in Journal of Nanoscience, NanoEngineering & Applications · Vol. 5, Issue 2, 2015 · pp. 1–5 Read article
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Emerging Pathogens in Dairy Industry
Abstract: The epidemiology of food borne disease is changing due to change in food habits of the consumers. New pathogens have emerged, and some have spread worldwide which includes Salmonella, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Campylobacter, and Yersinia enterocolitica. These pathogens have reservoirs in healthy food animals, from which they spread to an increasing variety of milk and milk products. If raw milk is consumed as such or if there is problem in …
Published in Research and Reviews : Journal of Dairy Science and Technology · Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2016 · pp. 5–12 Read article
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Advanced 4-Element UWB-MIMO Antenna Design: Achieving High Isolation and Multi-Band Rejection for Advanced Wireless Applications
Abstract: In this study, we present the design, fabrication, and analysis of a step-by-step Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) antenna operating from 3 to 14 GHz. The antenna consists of four elements, each characterized by high isolation and equipped with four band-rejection features. These elements are implemented on a Rogers substrate with εr=3. Each antenna element is a modified rectangular patch, incorporating partial ground etching to achieve wider bandwidth. Two sets …
Published in Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems · Vol. 15, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 40–62 Read article
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The Role of Tobacco Consumption in Oral Cancer Incidence in Punjab and Haryana
Abstract: Background: Oral cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in India, especially in the northern regions, like the states of Punjab and Haryana, where the prevalence of tobacco consumption, smoking, and smokeless forms, is high. Nevertheless, the specific contribution of different types of tobacco and other risk factors related to oral cancer occurrence in these populations has been poorly investigated. The purpose of this investigation is to …
Published in Research and Reviews: Journal of Oncology and Hematology · Vol. 15, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 30–36 Read article
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Design and Development of a Boundary Alert System for Fishermen
Abstract: This study presents the design and development of a Boundary Alert System for fishermen, employing the Flutter programming language. The system utilizes International Maritime Boundary Line (IMBL) The maritime border system was initiated and developed by the United Nations Convention of the Law of the Seas (UNCLOS). When a fishing vessel approaches within 500 m of these boundaries, the system triggers visual and auditory alerts for the fishermen and sends …
Published in Journal of Mobile Computing, Communications & Mobile Networks · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 31–36 Read article
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Evaluation Of Anti Obesity Activity Of Citrus Sinensis & Citrus Limon By High Fat Diet Induced Model Using Danio Rerio
Abstract: Obesity, defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as an abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health, is becoming one of the greatest challenges to global health in this millennium, with more than 300 million men and nearly 450 million women obese globally in 2018. Obesity turns into serious problem globally. Zebrafish model can be used extensively for drug screening due to its low maintenance cost, comparatively short …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmacology · Vol. 14, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 24–31 Read article