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1260 articles for “CTLA-4”
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Emerging Trends in Photobiology: Exploring the Photophysics and Photobiology of the Eye
Abstract: The eye consists of three main segments: the cornea, lens, and retina. The primary function of the anterior ocular tissue, the cornea and lens, is to transmit and focus light onto the retina without distortion. They also filter UV light (under 400 nm), preventing it from reaching the retina. While light reaching the retina is mostly used for vision, it can also have various effects on the eye's constituents, both …
Published in International Journal of Photochemistry and Photochemical Research · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 31–37 Read article
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Properties of Biodegradable Films based on Pectin, Mango Kernel Flour and Unrefined Palm Oil
Abstract: This study allowed to develop biodegradable films based on pectin, incorporating mango kernel flour and unrefined palm oil, whose physical and mechanical properties were investigated. Results highlighted the feasibility of developing of these composite films. The film properties showed variability in color, physical, barrier and mechanical properties, depending to concentration of ingredients. Biodegradable films obtained are homogeneous, non-cracked, uniform, and color is mainly orange. Opacity of films increased with the …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 6, 2025 · pp. 52–62 Read article
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Knowledge and Practice of Self-Administration of Insulin Injections among Diabetic Patients
Abstract: High blood glucose levels are a hallmark of diabetes mellitus, a chronic and crippling illness. According to estimates from the World Health Organization (WHO), 530 million persons globally have diabetes. Diabetes management requires education, and educating patients how to administer insulin injections on their own can give them the power to take charge of their health. The purpose of this study was to evaluate diabetic patients who visited the diabetes …
Published in Journal of Nursing Science & Practice · Vol. 15, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 29–33 Read article
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Tri-Band Edge-Cut Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna on Composite Substrate for RF Energy Harvesting in IoT Networks
Abstract: The increasing use of Internet of Things devices underscores the pressing need for sustainable energy solutions, since traditional batteries necessitate regular replacement and constrain scalability. Radio frequency energy harvesting is a viable option; nonetheless, antenna design continues to provide a significant problem owing to the requirements for compactness, efficiency, and multi-band functionality. A hybrid composite substrate configuration combining FR4 (εr = 4.3) and RT Duroid (εr = 2.2) is employed …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 867–883 Read article
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Mechanical Characterization of Green Composite Brake Pads Reinforced with Coconut Shell Waste
Abstract: In the present work, coconut shell powder proposed as a replacement material for the eco-friendly brake linings. The composites for brake pad were developed with other sizes of the coconut shell particles, namely (200 µm, 300 µm, 400 µm and 500 µm) The developed samples were evaluated for morphological, mechanical, physical and worability properties. The SEM micrograph proved that the coconut shell particulates are well dispersed in the composite everywhere …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 1636–1648 Read article
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Women Hygiene for Environmental Sanitation
Abstract: The present study is focused on the status of women hygiene in India in relation to environmental management. Menstrual hygiene is considered as a human right, and it has become a public health issue too. Because poor menstrual hygiene is responsible for infections, reproductive health, and other problems. The management of menstrual hygiene is much needed to accomplish the targets of sustainable development goals such as SDG 3, 4, 5, …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Health Professions · Vol. 16, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 31–37 Read article
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Experimental Study and Comparative Analysis of Fly Ash, GGBS, and Silica Fume in Nominal Concrete and Ternary Blended M25 Concrete
Abstract: This study examines the effects of partially substituting 30% of cement by weight with ternary supplemental cementitious materials (TSCMs) with mix proportions of M1, M2, and M3. These materials include fly ash (10%,15%,15% in M1, M2, and M3), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) (10%,8%,10% in M1, M2, and M3), and silica fume SF (15%,10%,5% in M1, M2, and M3) on the mechanical and durability properties of M25 grade concrete …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2026 · pp. 43–50 Read article
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Predicting Dielectric Constants of Polymers Using Molecular Structural Descriptors and Explainable Machine Learning: A Data-Driven Approach
Abstract: Accurate prediction of dielectric constants in polymeric materials is fundamental to the rational design of advanced electronic components, energy storage capacitors, flexible substrates, and high-frequency communication circuits. Conventional approaches to identifying suitable polymer dielectrics rely on extensive experimental synthesis and characterisation, which are both time-consuming and resource-intensive. In this work, an explainable machine learning framework is developed to predict the dielectric constant of polymers directly from molecular structural descriptors derived …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2026 · pp. 297–304 Read article
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Digitally Tunable Dual-Phase Polymer–PCM Composites for IoT-Based Adaptive Thermal Management in Smart Buildings
Abstract: This study presents the design and development of digitally tunable dual-phase polymer–phase change material (PCM) composites for advanced thermal management in smart building applications. The composite is based on a hybrid polymer matrix comprising thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and a crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gel, reinforced with paraffin microencapsulated PCM and hydrated salt PCM to achieve multi-stage thermal energy storage. The polymer composite architecture enables enhanced structural integrity, high encapsulation efficiency …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2026 · pp. 147–157 Read article
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IoT-Based Motor Protection and Control System Using PLC and ESP8266
Abstract: Because of their straightforward design and affordable price, single-phase induction motors are frequently utilized in residential and small-scale industrial settings. However, conventional direct-on-line (DOL) control provides fixed-speed operation and offers limited protection against thermal overload and fault conditions. This article describes the design and implementation of an ESP8266 Node MCU-based PLC- based closed-loop motor control system with Internet of Things features. To increase operating flexibility and maintenance efficiency, the suggested …
Published in International Journal of Electrical Power and Machine Systems · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 54–62 Read article
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A Comparative Study of the Structure-Property Relationships in CAD/CAM Milled vs. 3D-Printed High-Performance Polymers: Impact of Molecular Orientation on Abrasive Wear
Abstract: Background: The transition from subtractive to additive manufacturing in prosthetic dentistry has introduced significant variations in the macromolecular architecture of high-performance polymers. While CAD/CAM milling utilizes high-density, industrially polymerized blocks, 3D printing (Additive Manufacturing) relies on layer-by-layer deposition, which may induce anisotropic molecular orientation. This retrospective study investigates how these distinct manufacturing "thermal histories" influence the long-term abrasive wear resistance of PEEK and PEKK restorations.Materials and Methods: Data were retrospectively …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 4, 2026 Read article
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Psychological Drivers of ESG Investment in the Polymer Sector
Abstract: This research will delve into the mentalities of investors concerning investments in polymer ESG projects. Sustainable investing has become very popular in recent times across the globe. At the same time, the polymer or plastic industry is encountering numerous environmental issues. Plastics make up some 3.3–4.5% of global emissions of greenhouse gases (≈1.8 billion tonnes per year, TPI), and only about 9% of the total production of 400 million tonnes …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 4, 2026 Read article
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Neuro-Symbolic Agentic AI for Autonomous Scientific Discovery: Integrating Deep Reinforcement Learning, Quantum Simulation, and XAI-Audited LLM Hypothesis Generation in Drug Target Identification
Abstract: The exponential growth of multi-omics data and the increasing complexity of disease-associated protein interactomes have rendered conventional drug target identification pipelines computationally and epistemologically inadequate. This paper presents the Neuro-Symbolic Agentic AI for Scientific Discovery (NS-AASD) framework, a unified architecture that cohesively integrates deep reinforcement learning (DRL) exploration strategies, variational quantum simulation (VQS) of protein conformational dynamics, and XAI-audited large language model (LLM) hypothesis generation within an autonomous scientific discovery …
Published in Research and Reviews : Journal of Computational Biology · Vol. 15, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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Carbon-Coated Te-Doped Bi₂Se₃ as a Topological Quantum Anode Material for Sodium-Ion Batteries
Abstract: Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are increasingly investigated as cost-effective alternatives to lithium-ion systems for large-scale energy storage; however, the development of stable and conductive anode materials remains a major challenge. In this work, tellurium-doped bismuth selenide (Te-doped Bi₂Se₃) was synthesized and further modified with Super P conductive carbon to improve its sodium-storage behavior. The phase formation and structural retention of the active material were examined using X-ray diffraction, while elemental mapping …
Published in Journal of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering · Vol. 16, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 55–61 Read article
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Design And Fabrication of Contactless Magnetic Gears
Abstract: Modern engineering prioritizes speed, efficiency, and reliability, spurring innovations like contactless magnetic gear systems that transmit torque through interacting magnetic fields from permanent magnets, eliminating physical contact to drastically cut friction, backlash, wear, lubrication needs, and heat—operating silently with minimal vibration and peak efficiencies up to 99% under ideal conditions, outperforming traditional gears in low-speed, high-torque direct-drive applications such as motors. The design centers on two rotors: an outer high-speed …
Published in Trends in Mechanical Engineering & Technology · Vol. 16, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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IoT-Based Smart Waste Tracking & System for Monitoring
Abstract: In an era of rapid urban growth—driven by continued population growth and greater waste dispersion due to unregulated disposal practices by all citizens—a major challenge is emerging in the effective management of solid waste in urban environments. This project proposes a solution to this challenge: a Smart Waste Tracking & System for Monitoring. In this system, every household is provided with an RFID card, which they must use each time …
Published in International Journal of Environmental Noise and Pollution Control · Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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Maternal and Infant Pollutant Exposure through Breastfeeding in Industrial Punjab
Abstract: Because of their lasting presence, bioaccumulation in the food chain and/or potential for transferring to infants through breastfeeding, environmentally persistent chemical pollutants, such as per- and polyfluoroalkyl compounds (PFAs), pesticides, heavy metals and industrial emissions, represent significant public health threats. A study was conducted using a structured questionnaire to gather information about maternal demographics (age, education, marital status), how mothers were exposed to environmental contaminants through occupational activities, the ways …
Published in International Journal of Environmental Noise and Pollution Control · Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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Real-Time Deepfake Detection in Video Conferencing Systems
Abstract: Deepfake technology presents non-exemplary threats to video conferencing platforms, enabling advanced fraud, impression and misinformation campaigns worth billions annually. Current detection methods either exhibit latencies exceeding 100ms or rely on server-side cloud processing, raising privacy concerns. This paper presents DeepConfGuard, a lightweight hybrid architecture combining MobileNetV2 for spatial feature extraction, a bidirectional LSTM with attention for temporal modelling, and EfficientNetV2 for refinement. It reaches 94.8% accuracy with 85 ms end‑to‑end …
Published in International Journal of Electronics Automation · Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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In-Situ Polymerized GO/PANI Composites: Structural Evolution, Optical Modulation, and NH₃ Sensing at Room Temperature
Abstract: Graphene oxide (GO)/polyaniline (PANI) composites with varying PANI contents (20, 40, and 60 wt%) were synthesized via in-situ oxidative polymerization and systematically investigated for their structural, morphological, optical, and gas-sensing properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed a progressive increase in interlayer spacing and partial exfoliation of GO layers with increasing PANI content, indicating intercalation-assisted hybridization. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed the characteristic vibrational bands of both constituents and confirmed strong …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 4, 2026 Read article
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A Study on Clinical Evaluation of Multi Intervention Therapy for Enhancing Quality of Life in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients
Abstract: Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) receiving maintenance hemodialysis often report a markedly impaired health-related quality of life, largely resulting from factors such as psychological distress, chronic inflammation, and poor nutritional status. Despite its importance as a clinical outcome, HRQOL assessment in dialysis patients has received limited attention. Strengthening comprehensive patient care and optimizing treatment strategies may help reduce complications and promote improved physical, mental, and social well-being. The present …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences · Vol. 15, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 69–81 Read article