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1373 articles for “S/N ratios”
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Shot Noise for 1550 nm Laser using Balanced Homodyne Detection
Abstract: AbstractSingle photon detectors are indispensable for secure communication in quantum cryptography. Shot noise, a fundamental limit to photodetection occurs due to discreteness of photons. Shot noise plays an important role in telecommunications and optical science because of its property of setting a practical limit to the signal-to-noise ratios. In order to implement BB84 protocol, there is a need to assess appropriate lower bound on experimental errors caused during secure key …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Physics · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2020 · pp. 47–50 Read article
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Analysis of Discrete Wavelet Transform for Denoising of Breast CT Image
Abstract: During acquisition of medical images noise gets induced in the digital image by various effects. The state of art devices used for capturing the images introduces complex type of addition noise in the images. No medical imaging devices are noise free. The most commonly used medical images are acquired from MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), CT (Computed Tomography) and X-ray equipment’s. Additive noise into medical image decreases the visual quality that …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Medical Science and Technology · Vol. 7, Issue 1, 2018 · pp. 27–31 Read article
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Studies on Production of Biogas by Co-digestion of Sewage Sludge, Wastepaper and Waste Grown Algae
Abstract: Abundantly produced sewage sludge in wastewater treatment plants and algae grown in wastewater are the potentially important biomass for the production of biogas. Experimental investigations have been conducted to study the feasibility of co-digestion of the organic fraction of municipal sludge, waste paper, and waste grown algae under anaerobic mesophilic (37oC) conditions in lab-scale bioreactors. Quantity and quality of the biogas, volatile solid reduction and start-up period for the reactions …
Published in Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology · Vol. 7, Issue 1, 2016 · pp. 74–81 Read article
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Bit Error Rate Reduction in DWT-OFDM Systems using a Novel Error Correction Scheme
Abstract: Proposed Error Correction scheme has been implemented on Discrete Wavelet Transform based Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (DWT-OFDM) system using simulations by MATLAB. The Bit Error Rate (BER) performance of the proposed system has been studied in terms of signal to noise ratio (Eb/No). The proposed system has been examined under Additive White Gaussian Noise Channel (AWGN), and it has been compared with the ½ rate convolution encoded DWT-OFDM. Further, the …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Physics · Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2019 · pp. 1–12 Read article
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Gold Nanoparticle Size, Biodistribution, and Toxicity: Insights from DualEnergy CT
Abstract: Dual-energy and spectral computed tomography (CT) have emerged as powerful platforms for noninvasive, quantitative mapping of nanoparticle biodistribution in vivo. By exploiting the energy-dependent attenuation profiles of high-atomic-number (high-Z) materials, these systems enable material decomposition and element-specific imaging, thereby distinguishing nanoparticle signals from those of soft tissues and conventional iodinated contrast agents. Photon-counting spectral CT further enhances this capability by binning individual photons into multiple energy channels, improving spatial resolution, …
Published in Nano Trends – A Journal of Nano Technology & Its Applications · Vol. 28, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 22–34 Read article
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EEG Data Compression Using Communication Techniques for PMS
Abstract: Compression of EEG (Biological) is an important issue as concern to the telemedicine area. Many of researchers have carried out the work in this domain but still the area provides an ample space for research. This research aims to develop algorithm for the compression of EEG data. In this research the constructive communication modules are used to compress the EEG data. Thirty two channels are used to load the real …
Published in Current Trends in Signal Processing · Vol. 5, Issue 3, 2015 · pp. 1–6 Read article
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Prescribing Pattern of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs among the Specialists Doctors in Mymensingh City of Bangladesh—A Descriptive Study
Abstract: Irrational prescribing of medicines is a global problem, particularly in developing and transitional countries like Bangladesh, and so drug use patterns need to be evaluated. The aim of the study was to investigate the prescribing patterns of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) among the specialist doctors in Mymensingh city of Bangladesh. Prescriptions were collected from patients visiting different hospitals and pharmacies in different areas of Mymensingh city. A total number of …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmacology · Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2018 · pp. 19–23 Read article
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Tailoring the Compressive Behavior of Tetrachiral Auxetic Structures Through FDM Process-Parameters
Abstract: This research evaluates how fused deposition modeling (FDM) fabrication process parameters affect the compressive behavior of tetrachiral auxetic structures created from Polylactic Acid (PLA). Auxetic materials have several useful properties, including reversible deformation and high-energy absorbing capabilities, which are beneficial to creating ultra-lightweight structural, protective, and shock-resistance designs. Among the available auxetic topologies, the tetrachiral configuration is particularly attractive for engineering use, because its rotation-dominated node–ligament deformation gives a negative …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 5, 2026 · pp. 58–70 Read article
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Performance Analysis of DWT Based OFDM System using SRRC Filter in Mobile Wimax over Fading Environment
Abstract: AbstractWavelets amid its capability to provide simultaneous information in both time and frequency domain, along with minimization of interference and improved bandwidth efficiency, is considered broadly as an efficient approach to replace fast Fourier transform (FFT) in the conventional orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. Efficient filter pulses are employed spectrally in such systems in order to mitigate the effect of inter-symbol interference (ISI) as well as satisfy the bandwidth …
Published in Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems · Vol. 7, Issue 1, 2017 · pp. 1–10 Read article
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Designing and Modeling of Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR) Materials based Devices in Electrical Power and Biomedical Systems
Abstract: This paper presents Designing and Modeling of Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR) Devices in Electrical Power and Biomedical Systems and the related materials. The GMR, inverse GMR, and Spin valve using exchange bias have been analytically derived and discussed from the designing point of view for optimizing the performance of the GMR based Devices in Electrical systems. More recently, GMR has been used in sensors, magnetic memory chips, and hard-disk read-heads. The …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Physics · Vol. 14, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 22–32 Read article
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Nonlinear Channel Equaliser using Discrete Gabor Transform
Abstract: ABSTRACTThe adaptive equaliser makes use of adaptive digital filters whose filter coefficients are modified depending on the channel characteristics at the front end of the receiver. The noise introduced in the channel gets nullified and hence the signal-to-noise ratio of the receiver improves. Discrete Gabor Transform (DGT) helps decorrelate input data because of which the convergence speed of the Mean Square Error (MSE) improves considerably. It is found that the …
Published in Journal of Computer Technology & Applications · Vol. 1, Issue 1-3, 2011 · pp. 63–74 Read article
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Forced Convection Heat Transfer Through Porous Media: A Review
Abstract: This paper reviews studies on forced convection heat transfer through Porous media. In the last four decades we have seen enormous amount of research work related to the study of heat transfer in porous media. Convective flows in porous media are of vital importance to these processes, thereby generating the need for their full understanding. This review paper includes the effects of pore to throat size ratio, Non-Darcy and dispersion …
Published in Trends in Mechanical Engineering & Technology · Vol. 5, Issue 2, 2015 · pp. 22–27 Read article
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Machine Learning-Based Channel Estimation in 5G, Beyond-5G, and 6G Networks: Recent Advances and Future Directions
Abstract: Accurate channel estimation is one of the most fundamental challenges in modern wireless communication systems. In fifth- generation (5G) New Radio (NR) and emerging sixth-generation (6G) networks, precise knowledge of the wireless channel is essential for achieving reliable data transmission, high spectral efficiency, and low Bit Error Rate (BER). Conventional estimation techniques such as Least Squares (LS) and Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) rely on mathematical channel models and predefined …
Published in Journal of Telecommunication, Switching Systems and Networks · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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Design and development of an IP core for speech detection in varying noise environments
Abstract: Speech detection is a process of separating speech and silence regions from noisy speech. It is an important part in speech processing. One of the important and difficult tasks in speech detection is the detection of speech in a very low signal to noise ratio. The application of speech detector includes speech coding, where the accurate speech coding can reduce bit number low down the bit rates, and in speech …
Published in Journal of Multimedia Technology & Recent Advancements · Vol. 7, Issue 1, 2020 · pp. 19–27 Read article
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Application of Wavelet De-noising for Wind Speed Retrieval from a 2.5 MHz Partial Reflection Radar
Abstract: Atmospheric studies related to middle-atmospheric coupling, climate monitoring, steering profiles for expendable launch vehicles and re-entry missions require atmospheric wind profiles as an important input. Atmospheric wind profiling is conventionally carried out using rawinsondes and radiosondes flown in high altitude balloons, complemented by sounding rockets and ground-based radars. The partial reflection radar (PRR) can be effectively used for the same purpose to an altitude of about 100 km. But deriving …
Published in Current Trends in Signal Processing · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2013 · pp. 1–8 Read article
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Recent Trends-Acceptance and Adaptability among Nurses
Abstract: Background: Trends in nursing are some important changes, which occur over a time with respect to some phenomenon. Nurses especially have felt the enduring sting of the recent crisis and they continue to struggle with high patient-nurse ratios, poor professional atmosphere counter-balanced by the hope of a growing cohort of well-educated, young nurses who are meeting high demands to care for the community. Trends are fascinating phenomena, but they do …
Published in Journal of Nursing Science & Practice · Vol. 10, Issue 3, 2020 · pp. 1–9 Read article
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Wavelets-based Denoising by Optimizing Polynomial Threshold Function
Abstract: In this paper, a wavelets-based technique for denoising of one-dimensional signals is proposed which employs artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm for optimizing a new polynomial threshold function. The coefficients of the threshold function are optimized dynamically to maximize the output signal to noise ratio (SNR). ABC algorithm calculates the coefficients for maximum output SNR. The proposed technique is tested for three artificial signals, namely blocks, bumps and Doppler signals. Additive …
Published in Current Trends in Signal Processing · Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2014 · pp. 11–23 Read article
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Enhanced Genetic Algorithm Applied for Image Denoising Problem
Abstract: This research introduces a new approach to restoring an image disrupted by salt and pepper (SPN) noise using a genetic algorithm (GA) at all densities, called Enhanced GA (EGA). The key contribution of the proposed algorithm is to merge the genetic algorithm with imaging approaches that are embedded into the population in order to achieve rapid convergence. The concept is to turn a group of entities into a variety of …
Published in Journal of Control & Instrumentation · Vol. 11, Issue 3, 2020 · pp. 1–11 Read article
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Intelligent Electromagnetic Synthesis: An AI-Driven IoT Framework for Adaptive Antenna Design in Missile Navigation
Abstract: The rapid evolution of hypersonic and long-range tactical missile systems necessitates antenna architecture capable of maintaining robust communication links under extreme thermal, mechanical, and signal-jamming environments. Traditional antenna design methodologies often relying on iterative simulation cycles and static optimization are increasingly insufficient for the real-time requirements of modern aerospace navigation. This paper proposes an AI-driven, IoT- integrated framework that facilitates autonomous antenna design and performance optimization. By deploying a distributed …
Published in International Journal of Radio Frequency Innovations · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2026 Read article
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Parametric Optimization of TIG Welding Process in Butt Joining of AISI 310 Austenitic Stainless Steel Materials
Abstract: Tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding is an arc welding process that uses a non-consumable tungsten electrode to produce the weld. Selection of the levels of the input parameters plays a very significant role in determining the quality of a weld joint. The present study is planned to investigate effects of process parameters: welding current, gas flow rate and arc gap on ultimate tensile strength in TIG welding of austenitic stainless …
Published in Journal of Production Research & Management · Vol. 9, Issue 2, 2019 · pp. 12–19 Read article