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170 articles for “Liquids”
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HPLC and Tandem MS Device for the Recognition of Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Alafenamide in K2EDTA Human Plasma Utilizing Emtricitabine 15ND2 Tenofovir D5 as an IS
Abstract: Developed very impressionable, discriminating, and exact extreme-efficiency liquid chromatographytandem bulk spectrometry form for measurement of Emtricitabine and Tenofovir Alafenamide in human plasma. Emtricitabine15ND2 Tenofovir D5 was used as a within the standard (IS). The samples were divided on Phenomenex Kinetex C18 5 μm 100A, 100*4.6 mm procession utilizing Acetonitrile: 0.2% formic acid, 60:40 V/V as movable state, the retention period of Emtricitabine: 1.36 minutes (±0.5 minutes), Emtricitabine 15ND2: 1.36 minutes …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology Read article
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Artificial Intelligence in Cerebellum Activation
Abstract: Neuroscience plays a significant function during the progression of artificial intelligence. It provided inspiration for the development of human-like AI. There are two ways that neuroscience encourages us to develop AI systems. Neural networks that replicate human cognition and those that match the structure of the brain are the two objectives. Neural networks, which draw inspiration from the architecture of the human brain, are the engine behind contemporary artificial intelligence …
Published in International Journal of Cheminformatics · Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2023 · pp. 14–26 Read article
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Agro- residue Pretreatment Tools and Techniques: A Detailed review
Abstract: This review examines the significance of biomass pre-treatment in facilitating efficient biofuel production from lignocellulosic materials. Different methods of pre-treatment, such as acid, alkaline, liquid hot water, ionic liquids, organosolv, ozonolysis, wet oxidation, steam explosion, ammonia fiber explosion (AFEX), carbon dioxide explosion, and biological pretreatment, are examined in terms of their underlying principles, benefits, and drawbacks. Acid pretreatment effectively hydrolyzes hemicellulose but suffers from equipment corrosion and high operational costs, …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Botany · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 22–31 Read article
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Formulation and Evaluation of Polyherbal Powder Shampoo
Abstract: Shampoos are used for more than just cleaning hair, they also give hair a glossy finish and help keep it manageable and oily. There is a wide variety of shampoos available, such as antidandruff shampoo, lotion, solid gel, powder, liquid herbal, medical, and clear liquid shampoos. Concerning the herbal shampoos stability requirements. Depending on what’s in them, they might be antibacterial, antidandruff, or just a regular shampoo. Using conventional hair …
Published in Recent Trends in Cosmetics · Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 37–43 Read article
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Advancements in Solubility Enhancement Through Liquisolid Compact Technology: A Comprehensive Review
Abstract: The study examines Liquisolid Compact Technology as an innovative approach for improving the bioavailability and solubility of drugs that are poorly soluble in water. Liquisolid systems, comprising solid carriers and liquid drugs, offer advantages such as improved drug release and bioavailability, reduced manufacturing costs, and controlled drug delivery. The technique involves dissolving or suspending the drug in non-volatile solvents, adding carrier materials, super disintegrants, and coating materials, and then compressing …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Drug Design & Discovery · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 25–34 Read article
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Triple Fire Shield for EV Batteries: Prevention, Mitigation and Design Innovations
Abstract: The paper introduces the Triple Fire Shield, a threefold approach aiming to improve the safety and reliability of electric vehicle batteries. Overcharging, overheating, or physical damage to battery can lead to thermal runaway which in turn lead to fire. Due to this, introduction of a safety strategy is necessary for ensuring the protection of the passenger. Prevention of thermal runaway is achieved through temperature management methods such as Battery Management …
Published in Journal of Thermal Engineering and Applications · Vol. 11, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 28–35 Read article
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Harnessing Biomass and Biofuels: A Sustainable Path to Renewable Energy and Ecological Balance.
Abstract: Biomass, derived from living or recently deceased organisms, encompasses biological material used for energy production, known as bioenergy. Historically, fuelwood was the primary energy source until the Industrial Revolution, which saw a shift to fossil fuels. Common biomass fuels include fuelwood, agricultural residues, vegetable oils, and animal wastes. Biofuels, a subset of biomass energy, are liquid or gaseous fuels produced from organic matter of plant or animal origin. The rising …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Ecology · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 29–35 Read article
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Bioremediation Potential: Discovering Naphthalene-Degrading Microbes in Iraqi Contaminated Soil
Abstract: A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, napthalene is an environmental contaminant with a slow rate of disintegration. Biological treatment by microbes present in contaminated places is the most important of the several approaches applied to remove it from the environment. At depths of 5 to 10 cm, soil samples were collected from areas polluted by oil near the Al-Dora and Sheikh Omar refineries. Nutrient agar was cultured with 0.1 ml of each …
Published in International Journal of Pathogens · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 32–41 Read article
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First Order Sliding Mode Control of Coupled Tank System
Abstract: This paper investigates the challenging problem of liquid level control in Coupled Tank Systems (CTS). CTS, characterized by its nonlinear behaviour and sensitivity to disturbances, presents significant control challenges. This report suggests and assesses several control measures to solve these problems. Mathematical models are developed to capture the system's nonlinear dynamics, and controllers such as Proportional-Integral (PI) and Sliding Mode Controllers (SMC) are designed. The PI controller effectively regulates the …
Published in Trends in Electrical Engineering · Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2024 Read article
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Optimization and CFD Analysis of Fin-Enhanced Cooling Systems for Improved PV Efficiency
Abstract: This study is about optimizing and doing a CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) analysis of fin-enhanced cooling systems to improve the efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) systems. Photovoltaic (PV) panels are sensitive to temperature changes; the temperature influences the performance and lifespan of these panels. High temperatures cause their electrical output to reduce, thereby limiting their performance. In order to address this problem, several coolants such as air, liquid, phase change materials, …
Published in Journal of Power Electronics and Power Systems · Vol. 15, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 19–29 Read article
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Inventory of Healthcare Waste Generated at Kambia Government Hospital, Sierra Leone
Abstract: This research studies the categories and management practices of healthcare waste generated at Kambia Government Hospital and stresses the need for effective waste management to protect health and the environment. The waste is categorized into seven types: general, infectious, pathogenic, pharmaceutical, sharps, chemical, and liquid. Weekly assessments discovered fluctuations in waste generation, with general and infectious waste consistently comprising significant portions. Notably, sharps waste underscored the risks associated with injury …
Published in International Journal of Pollution: Prevention & Control · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 20–28 Read article
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Heat Transfer Performance of ZnO- Ethylene Glycol- Water Nanofluid Using Thermal Lens Technique
Abstract: Nanofluids are engineered fluids used in advanced electronic systems for thermal management. Fluids with dispersed nanoparticles have exhibited remarkable thermal properties. Ethylene glycol (EG) and water mixtures are widely used in many industrial areas. This study investigates the synthesis and heat transfer performance of ZnO-EG, ZnO-water, and ZnO-EG-water nanofluids using a dual-beam thermal lens technique. ZnO is a widely used inorganic, UV-absorbing, multifunctional semiconducting material with applications in various fields …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 440–445 Read article
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Design and Optimization of Heat Dissipation Systems for Electric Vehicle Battery Packs: A Study on Advanced Cooling Techniques
Abstract: In order to guarantee battery safety, performance, and longevity, the increasing popularity of electric vehicles (EVs) has increased the demand for efficient heat management systems. With an emphasis on cutting-edge cooling methods, this study explores the design and optimization of heat dissipation systems for EV battery packs. The study compares cutting-edge techniques like phase change materials, micro channel heat sinks, and thermoelectric cooling systems with more conventional cooling techniques like …
Published in Journal of Automobile Engineering and Applications · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 1–10 Read article
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Leak Location Detection in Underground Pipeline Using Transient Pollutant Propagation Concentration Signature Analysis with Theory of Hypernumbers
Abstract: The paper introduces a new analytical method of detecting leakage locations in underground pipe systems. For the first time, the phenomenon of pollutant backflush through leaks in liquid transport systems is used for algorithmic leak location identification. The paper compares the proposed concept with known monitoring methods. The theoretical analysis of the method's capability to increase leak localization distance and detect the location of tiny holes in pipelines is provided. …
Published in Research & Reviews: Discrete Mathematical Structures · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 13–22 Read article
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Effect of Steam Flash Explosion Conditions on Preparation of Reed Pulp
Abstract: The effects of different steam explosion conditions on preparation of reed pulp by steam flash explosion were analyzed. Because the main factors affecting steam explosion are steam pressure, retention time and liquid-to-reed ratio, so that the effects of these conditions on the steam explosion pretreated reed straw, and constituent of reed pulp were analyzed. Reed straw samples, 2~3cm in length, were loaded into a 5L stainless steel reactor and treated …
Published in Journal of Modern Chemistry & Chemical Technology · Vol. 16, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 115–128 Read article
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Integrated Optimization of Solar Photovoltaic Systems Using Taguchi Method and Computational Fluid Dynamics for Enhanced Efficiency
Abstract: The transition to renewable energy demands efficient and reliable photovoltaic (PV) systems to meet rising global energy needs. This study presents an integrated optimization framework combining the Taguchi method and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to improve the thermal and electrical performance of solar PV systems. A structured experimental design using an L9 orthogonal array evaluates the influence of three key parameters—material type, panel thickness, and cooling mechanism—on system efficiency. Analysis …
Published in Recent Trends in Fluid Mechanics · Vol. 12, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 10–25 Read article
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Thermodynamic Optimization and Exergy-Based Performance Analysis of Hybrid Thermal Management Systems for Electric Vehicles
Abstract: The transition toward sustainable transportation has brought electric vehicles (EVs) to the forefront of modern engineering innovation. Despite their environmental benefits and improved energy efficiency, EVs face major thermal challenges that affect performance, safety, and durability. Efficient thermal management of batteries, power electronics, and electric drive systems is vital to ensure reliability under diverse operating conditions. This study presents a detailed thermodynamic optimization and exergy-based performance analysis of hybrid thermal …
Published in International Journal of Energy and Thermal Applications · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 19–23 Read article
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Development and Characterization of Bottom Ash–Fly Ash–GGBS-Based Geopolymer Composites for Sustainable Applications
Abstract: The growing demand for sustainable construction materials has spotlighted geopolymer concrete (GPC) as an environmentally viable substitute for conventional cement-based systems. This study presents an innovative dual-waste valorization approach, integrating pulverized bottom ash (BA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) as binders while replacing sodium silicate (Na₂SiO₃) in the alkaline activator with treated textile effluent. Unlike prior works that focus solely on solid waste incorporation, this research pioneers the …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 6, 2025 · pp. 32–42 Read article
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Experimental Study on the Impact of Polymer (PAM) in Enhancing Oil Recovery in Upper Assam Basin Oil fields
Abstract: The Upper Assam Basin, one of India’s most mature and extensively exploited hydrocarbon provinces, is experiencing declining oil production due to reservoir depletion and unfavorable crude oil–brine–rock (COBR) interactions. In this context, alkali–polymer (AP) flooding has emerged as a promising chemical enhanced oil recovery (EOR) strategy. AP flooding reduces interfacial tension (IFT) through in-situ surfactant generation by alkali and improves sweep efficiency via polymer-based mobility control, typically using polyacrylamide (PAM). …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 6, 2025 · pp. 283–296 Read article
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A Critical Review of Gandhaka & Its Shodhan Research Work with Special Emphasis on the 1st Method Following Rasatarangini
Abstract: Background: Ayurveda is an ancient healthcare system that influences many modern treatments. One of its key branches, Rasa Shastra, studies the health benefits of strong minerals and metals like mercury, sulphur, mica, and black bitumen. Among these, sulphur is critical for detoxification, blood purification, and digestion, being the third most common element in the human body after calcium and phosphorus. Before sulphur is used in Ayurvedic medicine, it must be …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Ayurvedic Science, Yoga and Naturopathy · Vol. 12, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 1–11 Read article