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720 articles for “Define”
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Cosmetology through Unani Perception: A Literature Review
Abstract: Cosmetology, defined as study and application of beauty treatment, has been in practice since antiquity. Natural products involved in cosmetic formulations are becoming popular among the population owing to their safety and effectiveness. The present review focuses on cosmeceutical preparations described in Unani literature regarding hair, skin and nails and is based on the literature from noted Unani texts, viz., Zakhira Sabit Ibn Qurrah, Kitab al Mansoori, Ghina Muna, Kamil …
Published in Research & Reviews : A Journal of Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2014 · pp. 1–4 Read article
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Antenatal Care (Tadabeer-E-Haamla) in Unani Medicine
Abstract: Systematic care of women during pregnancy is called antenatal care. Good care during pregnancy is important for the health of the mother and the development of the unborn baby. Ideally, the care should begin soon after conception and continue throughout pregnancy. There are potential benefits from some of the elements of antenatal care, and these benefits may be most significant in developing countries where morbidity and mortality levels among reproductive-age …
Published in Research & Reviews : A Journal of Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy · Vol. 2, Issue 3, 2015 · pp. 1–5 Read article
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Fuzzy Logic and Its Application
Abstract: Fuzzy Logic has an extremely vital role in the arena of computer science and engineering, Artificial Intelligence, control theory and mathematics etc. Fuzzy logic is the way of organizing belief or idea that cannot be defined precisely but which depends upon their contexts i.e. the human way of logic thinking, reasoning, and perception. Fuzzy Logic finds widespread use the businesses, medicinal sciences, engineering, behavioral sciences, etc. due to perpetually growing …
Published in Journal of Microcontroller Engineering and Applications · Vol. 8, Issue 1, 2021 · pp. 31–38 Read article
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Modern Electronics Wearable Gadgets for Health Monitoring
Abstract: AbstractIOT is being used to interconnect the accessible medical assets and achieved smart, consistent, and useful healthcare service to the citizens. In this paper, IoT architecture adapted for healthcare applications which collects the data and relays it to the cloud where it is processed and analyzed. User will get the feedback that produced by data analysis. Applications are proved by prototype of the proposed architecture. Patients are monitored by the …
Published in Recent Trends in Sensor Research & Technology · Vol. 6, Issue 2, 2019 · pp. 11–16 Read article
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Neuro-fuzzy Control Systems: A Cross-domain Review
Abstract: This paper presents a comprehensive review of the application of neuro-fuzzy control systems in various industries. Using the combined strengths of neural networks and fuzzy logic, neural-fuzzy control systems emerge as versatile tools to solve challenging control challenges. The paper begins with clarifying the theoretical basis of neural fuzzy systems, and emphasizing their scalability, definition, and robustness. Specific examples in each domain highlight the effectiveness of neuro-fuzzy control in solving …
Published in International Journal of Electro-Mechanics and Material Behaviour · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 28–37 Read article
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An Intelligent Complexity-Performance Tradeoff Model of Asynchronous Random Access Protocols in Distributed Edge Computing Using Software Science with Halstead
Abstract: The paradigm shift towards Distributed Edge Computing (DEC) has changed the entire world of the Internet of Things (IoT) connectivity to its core and has spawned the need to implement robust Asynchronous Random Access (ARA) protocols to deal with the contention between a huge range of diverse devices that are constrained by their resources. While there is now extensive optimization of these protocols in contemporary research for channel efficiency (throughput, …
Published in Journal of Software Engineering Tools & Technology Trends · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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Architectural Evolution of RISC Processors: From Early Research Prototypes to Modern Industrial Implementations
Abstract: This paper surveys the architectural evolution of Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) architectures from early research prototypes to modern industrial processors, tracing four decades of design refinement across academic, embedded, server, mobile, and open- hardware ecosystems. Core ISA principles, pipeline evolution, compiler–hardware co-design, and quantitative performance modeling are analyzed through four representative industrial implementations: MIPS 74K, SPARC T4, ARM Cortex-A72, and SiFive U74 (RISC-V). Each processor is examined in terms …
Published in Journal of VLSI Design Tools and Technology · Vol. 16, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 29–39 Read article
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Luminescent Phenomena and Materials: Fundamentals, Developments, and Multidisciplinary Applications
Abstract: Luminescence, defined as the emission of light without significant heat generation, represents a fundamental phenomenon bridging physics, chemistry, materials science, and biotechnology. Over the centuries, the understanding of luminescence has evolved from simple observational curiosity to a sophisticated quantum-mechanical framework describing electronic transitions in atoms, molecules, and solids. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the historical development, fundamental mechanisms, classifications, and material systems associated with luminescence. It places particular …
Published in Journal of Nanoscience, NanoEngineering & Applications · Vol. 16, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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A Standards-Compliant API Framework for Integrating NAMASTE and ICD-11 TM2 Terminologies into Indian Electronic Medical Records (EMRs)
Abstract: The lack of standardized, interoperable terminology services has hindered the integration of India’s traditional medical systems into the mainstream digital health infrastructure. Although ICD-11 Traditional Medicine Module 2 (TM2) offers an internationally harmonized classification for traditional medicine diagnoses and the NAMASTE portal defines structured vocabularies for AYUSH conditions, current Electronic Medical Record (EMR) platforms in India are unable to natively consume, map, or translate these terminologies in a way that …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Medical Science and Technology · Vol. 15, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 19–27 Read article
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Artificial Intelligence for Tracking Cognitive Deviation in Aging Populations: A Comprehensive Review of Techniques, Challenges, and Ethical Concerns
Abstract: Population aging is accelerating worldwide, and with it the burden of cognitive health conditions such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and dementia. Detecting and monitoring cognitive change early is central to timely intervention, yet conventional diagnostic tools often miss the subtle signals that appear before overt symptoms. Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a promising complement to clinical assessment because it can work through high-dimensional data and …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Neuroscience · Vol. 16, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 27–37 Read article
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The Quiet Intruder: An Insidious Presentation of Primary Plasma Cell Leukemia and a Literature Review on Current Treatment Strategies
Abstract: Introduction: Primary plasma cell leukemia (pPCL) is a rare and aggressive plasma cell dyscrasia, defined by ≥5% circulating plasma cells, with poor prognosis and rapid progression. Case Presentation: A 66-year-old African–American female with no prior medical history presented with one week of fatigue, dehydration, and polydipsia. Laboratory evaluation revealed leukocytosis, severe thrombocytopenia, acute kidney injury (creatinine 4.03 mg/dL), and hypercalcemia (13.0 mg/dL) with suppressed PTH. Imaging showed intra-abdominal lymphadenopathy without …
Published in Research and Reviews: Journal of Oncology and Hematology · Vol. 15, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 1–5 Read article
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Safety in the Construction Industry: A Literature Review
Abstract: The construction industry remains one of the most hazardous sectors of the global economy, consistently reporting disproportionate rates of fatal and non-fatal injuries relative to its share of employment. Over the past two decades, research on construction safety has expanded from traditional accident statistics and compliance-based approaches toward a more holistic understanding of safety performance, safety culture and climate, safety leadership, and the growing role of digital technologies such as …
Published in Journal of Industrial Safety Engineering · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 28–35 Read article
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The Principles and Applications of Structural Symmetry in Natural and Engineered Systems: A Comprehensive Review
Abstract: Structural symmetry is a fundamental constraint across scientific domains, dictating the stability, functionality, and efficiency of systems from the subatomic to the macroscopic. In physics and chemistry, symmetry is mathematically defined through Group Theory, specifically point groups (e.g., Cnv, Oh). These groups govern molecular orbital interactions; high-symmetry configurations, such as the icosahedral C60 fullerene, achieve optimal energy distribution and structural resilience. In Structural Biology, symmetry is an evolutionary strategy for …
Published in Emerging Trends in Symmetry · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 30–34 Read article
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Structural, Morphological, Optical, and Electrical Properties of Sol–Gel Synthesized Bismuth Ferrite Nanoparticles for Photovoltaic Applications
Abstract: Solar cells are a promising renewable energy source, converting solar energy into electrical power. The performance and efficiency of solar cells can be enhanced by incorporating multiferroic materials, which have the potential to improve energy conversion. Bismuth ferrite (BFO) is one such material that has attracted attention for photovoltaic applications due to its bandgap energy, which ranges from 2 eV to 2.7 eV. However, its practical efficiency is currently low …
Published in Journal of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering · Vol. 16, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 28–41 Read article
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Microplastics in Terrestrial Ecosystems: Impacts on Soil Biodiversity, Plant Growth, and Nutrient Cycling
Abstract: Microplastics, defined as plastic particles smaller than 5 mm, have emerged as a widespread environmental contaminant in terrestrial ecosystems. Although their impacts in aquatic environments have received considerable attention, the occurrence and ecological consequences of microplastics in soil ecosystems are increasingly recognized as an important environmental concern. Agricultural practices, plastic mulching, sewage sludge application, wastewater irrigation, compost, atmospheric deposition, and the fragmentation of larger plastic materials are major pathways through …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Ecology · Vol. 15, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 44–50 Read article
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From Documentation to Digital Stewardship: A Bibliometric Analysis of the Technological Transformation in Indigenous Knowledge Management
Abstract: This bibliometric study systematically maps the technological evolution of Indigenous Knowledge Management (IKM) over a 30-year period (1995–2025). It aims to identify the conceptual shifts and emerging technologies defining the transition from passive digital documentation to active algorithmic stewardship. The study utilises a scientometric approach to analyse a corpus of 835 unique documents retrieved from the Scopus database. Scientific-mapping techniques, including thematic evolution and keyword co-occurrence analysis, were performed using …
Published in Journal of Advancements in Library Sciences · Vol. 13, Issue 3, 2026 Read article
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A Review on Quantum Dots and Their Bioimaging Applications
Abstract: Quantum dots are nanoscale semiconductor crystals engineered to emit highly intense, photo-stable luminescence with quantum yields reaching 90%. Structurally, they are synthesized as single-substance core types, hetero-structured core-shell architectures for enhanced stability, or blended alloys. They are further categorized by synthesis and functional traits into colloidal, magnetic, and highly fluorescent varieties, alongside specialized silicon and eco-friendly carbon-based variants derived from organic waste. Due to their exceptional optoelectronic properties, they are …
Published in Journal of Nanoscience, NanoEngineering & Applications · Vol. 16, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 41–60 Read article
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Advanced Mathematical Modelling of Nanoscale Semiconductor Devices for Low-Power Microelectronic Applications
Abstract: With the ongoing scaling down of semiconductor devices, there is an increasing need for accurate mathematical models of electrostatic control, carrier transport, leakage current, and power consumption at the nanometer scale. As the sizes of semiconductors continue to decrease, there is a growing need for accurate mathematical models of electrostatic control, carrier transport, leakage current, and power consumption at the nanometer scale. In this work, a common mathematical modelling approach …
Published in Journal of Microelectronics and Solid State Devices · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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Recent Advances in Crystalline Materials
Abstract: Crystalline materials are solids in which atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a highly ordered, repeating three-dimensional lattice. This well-defined structure gives rise to unique physical, chemical, electrical, optical, thermal, and mechanical properties, making crystalline materials essential for numerous scientific and industrial applications. Advances in materials science, crystal engineering, and nanotechnology have enabled precise control over crystal size, morphology, composition, and defect structures through innovative synthesis techniques. These developments …
Published in International Journal of Crystalline Materials · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 14–21 Read article
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A Five-Layer Architectural Framework for Sustainable and Scalable AI Systems
Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is not only about algorithms. AI works like a full “stack” of layers, from electricity to real-world user applications. In this paper, we explain a simple and student-friendly Five- Layer Architecture of AI: (1) Energy, (2) Chips, (3) Infrastructure, (4) Models, and (5) Applications. Each layer supports the next layer, like a cake with multiple layers. If any layer is weak, AI systems become slow, costly, or …
Published in Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research & Advances · Vol. 13, Issue 3, 2025 Read article