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434 articles for “degradation”
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Semiring-Weighted Automata and Recursive Path Counting for Multi-State Reliability in Discrete Infrastructures
Abstract: Multi-state infrastructures such as communication backbones, microgrids, warehouse routing systems, and sensor-actuator pipelines evolve through discrete event sequences rather than through a single binary "working/failed" transition. This paper develops a semiring-weighted automata framework for reliability analysis in which state changes, repair actions, and degraded operating modes are represented by weighted transitions on a finite automaton. A path valuation is defined over an additively idempotent reliability semiring and extended to a …
Published in Research & Reviews: Discrete Mathematical Structures · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 30–36 Read article
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ASSESSING OF FOREST STRUCTURE USING EARTH OBSERVATION DATA: ACASE STUDY IN MUNESSA FOREST, OROMIA REGION, ETHIOPIA
Abstract: Forest structure is essential for estimating forest-related carbon emissions, analyzing forest degradation, and quantifying the effectiveness of forest restoration initiatives. However, forest structure quantification is only limited to the specific area of interest without considering the whole forest coverage. Remote sensing data can easily deliver a large area to assess forest structure. Therefore, this study aims to assess forest structure of Munessa Natural Forest by integrating satellite based light detection …
Published in International Journal of Land Read article
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Developing Food Packaging with Nanomaterials: In-Depth Examination based on Electromagnetic and Optical Radiations
Abstract: Problems with food degradation, infection, and environmental compatibility are driving constant innovation in the food packing sector. Nanomaterials (NM) are investigated as possible solutions to the problem to improve the effectiveness of food packaging by means of their exceptional optical and electromagnetic characteristics. Several factors, such as the need to analyze capacity, cost-effectiveness, and possible environmental implications, prohibit the use of NM in food packing. This review summarizes the optical …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 12, Issue 6, 2024 · pp. 36–44 Read article
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Advances in Biopolymer Based Nanocomposite Materials for Food Packaging Applications
Abstract: This Article provides an in-depth exploration of the recent innovations in biopolymer-based food packaging, highlighting natural materials like starches and proteins, as well as synthetic biopolymers such as polylactic acid (PLA). With the escalating global concerns about environmental degradation and the detrimental effects of plastic waste, there has been a growing emphasis on finding eco-friendly, biodegradable substitutes to reduce plastic pollution and dependence on fossil fuels. Among the biopolymer alternatives, …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 390–404 Read article
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Experimental Study on Effect of Recycled Epoxy Powder Reinforcement on Tensile Behavior of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene
Abstract: Thermosetting plastic found wider application in the field of Aerospace, Aircraft, Wind Turbines, Marine and construction due to their long life, light weight and high strength. Among thermosets, epoxy is the major contributor. The world epoxy resin usage is almost 3.6 million tons in the year 2022 and it may cross 5.91 million tons by 2029. At their end of life most of it goes to land filling which leads …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 6, 2025 · pp. 306–315 Read article
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A Generative AI Paradigm for a Global Crisis: Redesigning the Sanitary Pad Polymer Lifecycle for Environmental and Public Health in India
Abstract: The sale of disposable sanitary pads, most of which contain non-biodegradable polymers, especially polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and superabsorbent polyacrylates (SAPs), has led to a souring environmental and population health crisis, especially in India. A linear economic approach of take-make-dispose has resulted in the exponential growth of polymer waste that fully blocks drains, leads to microplastic pollution, and overloads insufficient waste management facilities. Traditional polymers are designed to be permanent …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 1570–1591 Read article
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Comprehensive Performance Assessment of Silane-Treated Bio-Extracted Husk Fiber Reinforced Composites for Sustainable Construction Applications
Abstract: This research project is an extensive experimental study on bio-extracted husk fiber polymer composites with a focus on silane surface treatment. Bio-extracted rice husk fibers underwent an alkali-enzymatic hybrid extraction process followed by a 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) treatment for improved interfacial adhesion and matrix compatibility. Resin composites with treated and untreated fibers were fabricated with a weight ratio of 10%, 20%, and 30% via hand lay-up methods. A battery of mechanical …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2026 · pp. 229–241 Read article
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Digitally Tunable Dual-Phase Polymer–PCM Composites for IoT-Based Adaptive Thermal Management in Smart Buildings
Abstract: This study presents the design and development of digitally tunable dual-phase polymer–phase change material (PCM) composites for advanced thermal management in smart building applications. The composite is based on a hybrid polymer matrix comprising thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and a crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gel, reinforced with paraffin microencapsulated PCM and hydrated salt PCM to achieve multi-stage thermal energy storage. The polymer composite architecture enables enhanced structural integrity, high encapsulation efficiency …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 3, 2026 · pp. 147–157 Read article
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DEVELOPMENT OF POLYMERSOMES AS MACROMOLECULAR PLATFORMS FOR NANOMEDICINE
Abstract: The conventional method of drug delivery is plagued with instability, low targeting and low bioavailability. A solution to these shortcomings is the use of polymer Somes, artificial vesicles that are produced through self-assembly of amphiphilic block copolymer, and they are suggested as universal nanoscale carriers. They have stiff, tunable membranes (thickness = 2-50 nm) due to accurate control of polymer chemistry, chain length, and hydrophilic mass fraction (f), which allows …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 5, 2026 Read article
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Analysis of Thermoelectric Generator for Automotive Exhaust Energy Recovery
Abstract: Utilizing waste heat from thermodynamic systems has shown to be a successful tactic for reducing environmental emissions and improving overall energy efficiency. About 40% of the chemical energy generated during fuel combustion is rejected by exhaust gases in internal combustion engines. It is possible to increase vehicle fuel efficiency and lower greenhouse gas emissions by harvesting this otherwise lost heat energy and turning it into useable electrical power. A viable …
Published in Trends in Mechanical Engineering & Technology · Vol. 16, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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Effect of Leading-Edge Roughness on the Aerodynamic Characteristics of the Wind Turbine blade
Abstract: Leading-Edge Roughness (LER) strongly dictates boundary layer transition and performance degradation on an airfoil operating at transitional Reynolds numbers, an aerodynamic regime where shear-layer stability mechanisms remain highly complex. The wind tunnel experiments were conducted to investigate the aerodynamic impacts of surface roughness applied over 25% of the chord of a NACA 0018 airfoil using two discrete roughness gradations. Surface roughness induces an early boundary layer trip, causing elevated section …
Published in Journal of Aerospace Engineering & Technology · Vol. 16, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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Recyclable Vitrimer-Matrix Carbon Fibre Composites for Aerostructures: Reprocessing Efficiency and Retention of Mechanical Performance
Abstract: To begin, carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) have become an important part of the structural loading in many modern aircraft; however, due to their permanent cross-linking in thermosets, they cannot easily be restored after being retired. Vitrimers have been proposed as a solution since their Covalent Adaptable Networks (CANs), rearranged by associative exchange, may be reshaped, welded, repaired or dissolved without damaging the CFRP fibers. This paper reviews whether the …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 4, 2026 Read article
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Resilient Shell-Based Frameworks for Edge and IoT Systems: A Comprehensive Analysis of Lightweight Automation in Distributed Environments
Abstract: Edge computing and Internet of Things (IoT) deployments require automation solutions that minimize resource use while supporting real-time processing and intermittent connectivity. This study investigates shell-based frameworks for managing distributed edge and IoT systems, with emphasis on sensor integration, live monitoring, and fault recovery. Drawing from 200 real-world deployment cases across smart city, healthcare, and industrial domains, the analysis compares shell scripting directly against containerized approaches (e.g., Docker with lightweight …
Published in Journal of Advances in Shell Programming · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 01–07 Read article
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Real-Time System Monitoring and Resource Optimization Using Shell Scripts in UNIX/Linux Environments
Abstract: Real-time system monitoring is a fundamental aspect of system administration in UNIX/Linux environments, as it ensures optimal system performance, reliability, and continuous availability of services. In modern computing infrastructures, systems are expected to operate efficiently under varying workloads, and any degradation in performance, such as CPU overload, memory exhaustion, disk bottlenecks, or network congestion, can significantly impact user experience and system stability. Regular observation and prompt action are crucial for …
Published in Journal of Advances in Shell Programming · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 08–15 Read article