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596 articles for “distance”
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Harnessing Hydropower Energy Devices for Nigerian Water Bodies
Abstract: Energy consumption in Nigeria is relatively high requiring alternative sources of power generation. In order to achieve a sustainable and renewable and cheap energy production, a decentralized energy generation is the clue as long distance transmission of this energy has proven to be unstable. A closer look on Nigeria’s hydrological map suggests the inclusion of the lower river basins into the energy generation plan. This makes the construction of a …
Published in Trends in Mechanical Engineering & Technology · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2023 · pp. 45–73 Read article
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Evaluations with RZ/NRZ Optical-CDMA Link
Abstract: AbstractThis article presents the proposed novel design for hierarchical asynchronous optical code-division multiple-access scheme; performance was investigated for numerous key parameters. With single active user, the RZ_ON_OFF ramp OCDMA scheme performance is better than other schemes over shorter reach; NRZ_OCDMA scheme is better for longer reach, depicted BER is in the range of 10-100 to 10-42 with three users and 10-28 to 10-12 with 32 active users over the randomly …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 7, Issue 2, 2017 · pp. 12–40 Read article
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Cost Efficient Low Convergence ONU Placement Algorithm for Deployment of Fiber-Wireless (FiWi) Access Networks
Abstract: AbstractFiber-Wireless (FiWi) access networks provide an impressive platform for the emerging future applications by integrating the merits of optical networks and wireless networks. It offers reliability, robustness, long distance communication, high bandwidth of optical network and mobility, flexibility at a lower cost of wireless network. One of the major issues of FiWi network is its installation cost, which depends on the number of ONUs present in the network. In order …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 6, Issue 1, 2016 · pp. 25–41 Read article
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WDM Transmission for Free Space Optics under Different Atmospheric Conditions
Abstract: AbstractThis paper presents the design and simulation of a 32-channel WDM transmission system for free space optics (FSO) taking different atmospheric effects (rain, fog and scintillation) into account. The commercial software, namely, OptiSystem is used for the design of WDM-FSO where the system performances are evaluated in terms of bit error rate (BER) and eye diagrams. Weather data of Khulna, a district in the south-western part of Bangladesh, is used …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2014 · pp. 7–12 Read article
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10 Mbs Ethernet via Free Space Optic during Rainy Weather
Abstract: ABSTRACTFree space optics (FSO) is a potential solution for high bandwidth demand in temperate countries, like Malaysia and shows a great choice for last-mile problem where implementation of fiber optic cables is very limited due to deployment time and cost constraint. The control of these phenomena will allow to evaluate the system performance and then to improve their reliability. The aim of this paper is to compare the behavior of …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2012 · pp. 1–7 Read article
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Optimization of a Hybrid Core Photonic Crystal Fiber for THz Applications
Abstract: Despite several real-life applications, the development of low-loss terahertz waveguide is still a challenge for long-distance applications due to its low confinement and high propagation loss. In this paper, an octagonal waveguide structure has been optimized for minimum propagation loss in the THz frequency band. The optimized structure has a core diameter of 300 um with an operating frequency of 1.1 THz. From the optimized structure, we found optimized power …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 9, Issue 2, 2019 · pp. 18–24 Read article
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Adaptive Linear Gabor Response Pattern for Palm-print Recognition
Abstract: The advancement of the information society has increased the demand for secure identity systems in a wide range of applications, including financial transactions, forensics, border control, computer security, and law enforcement. Biometrics is an alternative method for accurate and trustworthy authentication in a highly networked society. It is the science of using behavioural (gait, keystroke, signature, etc.) and physiological (face, ear, finger, palmprint, DNA etc.) attributes to validate an individual's …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2022 · pp. 1–12 Read article
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LBP-HOG-Statistical-Wavelet Transform Feature Based MCA Classifier
Abstract: Face recognition systems use computer algorithms choose specific, recognizable features on a person’s face. With a mathematical representation, the information is compared to data on other faces acquired in a face recognition database. The distance between the eyes or the shape of the chin are two examples of these characteristics. The job of matching several facial modes, such as visible and near infrared images, is known as heterogeneous face recognition. …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2022 · pp. 19–30 Read article
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An Automatic Upper/Dipper Light control circuit for vehicle
Abstract: A few vehicles on streets are expanding step by step, likewise, the innovation has grown however the wellbeing factor is constantly required to have been thought of. These days vehicles come warmed with loads of wellbeing highlights. One of the fundamental wellbeing highlights that should be introduced is a programmed upper scoop control of the fog light, this component can principally be utilized during evening driving. Natural eyes are extremely …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2023 · pp. 25–31 Read article
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A Review on Structural Evaluation of Flexible Pavements using Falling Weight Deflectometer
Abstract: For rehabilitation design processes, the new Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design approach relies heavily on the material stiffness, back calculated from the deflection measurements taken from existing pavements. These measurements are typically made using Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) or Heavy Weight Deflectometer (HWD) units. In order to provide high quality and consistent material stiffness data for the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design the deflection results obtained at radial distance in between 0 and 1800 …
Published in Trends in Transport Engineering and Applications · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2015 · pp. 1–10 Read article
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Review of Simulation Techniques for Microscopic Mobility of Pedestrian Movement
Abstract: Simulation techniques are very useful for developing models or systems over time torepresent the real-world scenarios. The model represents the key characteristics orbehaviors/functions of the selected physical or abstract system or process. Simulationtechniques are useful when the real system cannot be engaged, because of inaccessibility,or dangerous or is unacceptable to engage or does not exist. Microscopic characteristicsof pedestrian traffic consider speeds, walking directions, distances between pedestrians,relative positions, passing behavior and …
Published in Trends in Transport Engineering and Applications · Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2014 · pp. 27–45 Read article
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Detail study on circular runway
Abstract: The paper presents the new concept for future air terminal traffic activity. This runway is utilized for take-off and land from any direction, hence offering the remarkable trademark that the runway can be utilized under any wind condition through the opportunities for an airplane to work consistently with headwind during take-off and landing. Besides, it will permit airplane to abbreviate their worldwide direction through upgraded take off and appearance courses …
Published in Trends in Transport Engineering and Applications · Vol. 8, Issue 1, 2021 · pp. 16–21 Read article
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Green Gesture Control Tractor
Abstract: India being the agricultural country a clean technology for farming can increase the prosperity of farmer and prosperity of the nation at large. Prototype of Green Gesture Control Tractor is designed and developed specially for the farmers. The main objective was plowing, planting, sprinkling of pesticide, harvesting the crop and transportation of crop with least efforts. In Green Gesture Control Tractor, human hand motions are sensed by sensor (ADXL345 accelerometer) …
Published in Current Trends in Information Technology · Vol. 10, Issue 2, 2020 · pp. 12–17 Read article
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Image Denoising and Various Techniques: Survey
Abstract: Whenever an image is formed, various factors like lightning which includes its source, distance, intensity, and the camera characteristics, which included the sensor responses, lenses, and so on, affect the overall appearance of the image. The noise is one of the key components in this. It is important to remove noise in such a way that the overall quality is maintained and there is no loss of image information. There …
Published in Current Trends in Information Technology · Vol. 12, Issue 3, 2022 · pp. 6–11 Read article
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Analysis of FSO Communication System under different weather conditions by incorporating Pre and Post Optical Amplifier
Abstract: AbstractFSO Communication is currently needed for the modern era because of high channel capacity and bandwidth. FSO is a line of sight; license free and low-cost technology which makes it preferred over radio frequency communication and other wireless technologies. In this paper, the first part tells about the introduction of the FSO system, its advantages, disadvantages and applications. The second part will discuss the atmospheric attenuation caused by different weather …
Published in Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems · Vol. 9, Issue 2, 2019 · pp. 16–24 Read article
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A Suite of Security Mechanisms for Security and Privacy in MANET
Abstract: AbstractReputation of mobile strategies and wireless networks has significantly increased; wireless mobile networks have become popular and vigorous fields of message and link ages from many the years. MANET is the novel advance invention which allows clients to connect without any bodily infrastructure, irrespective of their location, that is why it is quantified as an “infrastructure-less” network. In the past few years, we have seen huge amount of wireless infrastructures …
Published in Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 1–6 Read article
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Compare Three Reactive Routing Protocols in Grid based Cluster Wireless Sensor Network using Qualnet Simulator
Abstract: AbstractThis paper is comparing the performance of three different routing protocols in grid based clustering for wireless sensor network. Sensor network is keeping limited energy of sensor node send limited battery power. However the main task of sensor network energy consumption for sensor nodes. Furthermore grid based sensor working depend on location based that is divided into different parts. In grid based wireless sensor network, cluster head it works like …
Published in Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2014 · pp. 6–12 Read article
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A Study on Wireless Sensor Network Deployment and Lifetime Maximization of Wireless Sensor Nodes in Natural Gas Pipeline Monitoring System
Abstract: AbstractLeakage in Natural Gas Pipeline is a very common problem that may lead to economic losses, environmental hazards and pollution. Therefore, the maintenance and security monitoring of the natural gas pipeline has remained a big concern for many years. In the recent times, implementation of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) has become very popular. This is due to the low cost and sustainability of WSNs. Since, the implementation of WSNs in …
Published in Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems · Vol. 6, Issue 3, 2016 · pp. 7–16 Read article
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An Energy Efficient Routing Algorithm for FiWi Access Network
Abstract: AbstractFiber wireless access network is a promising access network due to the provision of higher bandwidth, flexibility, and ubiquity. One of the main challenges for a FiWi access network is to minimize energy consumption. In this network, there are many concerns like ONU placement, ONU sleep mechanisms, power saving mechanisms, etc., which are accountable for achieving energy efficiency. Routing is another aspect at the front end of the network, which …
Published in Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems · Vol. 7, Issue 2, 2017 · pp. 1–13 Read article
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Obstacle Detection for Automobiles using IoT
Abstract: In today’s world most of the time we encounter the road accidents and these are rapidly increasing day by day. The major cause is the carelessness of the people, especially those people, who do not follow the traffic rules. The metropolitan cities where there is huge population and people having more automobiles. we need to understand how precious our life is and for that we need more advancement in our …
Published in Journal of Communication Engineering & Systems · Vol. 11, Issue 3, 2021 · pp. 15–20 Read article