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915 articles for “bands”
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Modeling Galaxy Formation in a Hierarchical Universe: A Fiducial Approach and Comparison with Observational Data
Abstract: We have developed a detailed model to understand how galaxies form in the framework of hierarchical theories of structure formation. Our model accounts for key processes like the formation and merging of dark matter halos, the heating and cooling of gas inside these halos, the regulation of star formation driven by energy from evolving stars and supernovae, galaxy mergers, and the changes in star populations over time. This approach is …
Published in International Journal of Universe · Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 30–36 Read article
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ENHANCING CONTROL WITH EMBEDDED SSVEP-BCI
Abstract: Brain–Computer Interface (BCI) technology establishes a direct communication link between the human brain and external devices without relying on muscular activity. Among various BCI paradigms, the Steady-State Visually Evoked Potential (SSVEP)-based approach has gained significant attention due to its high signal-to-noise ratio, minimal user training, and suitability for real-time applications. However, implementing such systems on embedded hardware presents challenges such as limited computational resources, signal noise, and latency in processing. …
Published in Recent Trends in Electronics Communication Systems · Vol. 12, Issue 3, 2025 · pp. 41–52 Read article
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Impact of Partially Observable Markov Decision Process in Next Generation Satellite for Remote Sensing
Abstract: The integration of Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs) in next- generation satellite systems represents a transformative advancement in remote sensing technology. This article explores how POMDP frameworks address the inherent uncertainties and incomplete observability challenges in satellite operations, including dynamic task scheduling, resource allocation, and adaptive sensing strategies. By modeling satellite decision-making under uncertainty, POMDPs enable autonomous systems to optimize mission objectives while managing constraints such as limited power, …
Published in International Journal of Satellite Remote Sensing · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 20–28 Read article
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A study on CMOS Operational Amplifier in Sensor Development
Abstract: CMOS operational amplifiers (op-amps) have emerged as pivotal components in modern sensor development, enabling the amplification and conditioning of weak signals with high precision and efficiency. Their inherent advantages low power consumption, compact size, and seamless integration with digital circuits make them ideal for advancing miniaturized, battery-powered sensor systems in fields ranging from biomedical devices to IoT networks. By delivering precision, power efficiency, and integration, CMOS op-amps are not just …
Published in Journal of VLSI Design Tools and Technology · Vol. 16, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 01–07 Read article
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Comparative Study of Structural and Optical Properties of Bismuth Ferrite Nanoparticles for Photovoltaic Applications Synthesized via Different Sol-Gel Methods
Abstract: Pure multiferroic bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using an energy-efficient, low-temperature sol-gel method, comparing two distinct approaches: auto-combustion and non-auto-combustion. To ensure phase stability, the precursor solution's pH was strictly maintained between 1 and 2 using ammonia solution (NH4OH), while ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) was employed as a chelating agent for the Fe3+ and Bi3+ cations. All samples underwent a final annealing process at 500 °C to promote crystallization. …
Published in Journal of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering · Vol. 16, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 83–94 Read article
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Development of Compact RF Filters for Modern Wireless Communication Systems
Abstract: Modern wireless communication systems such as 5G, 6G, Internet of Things (IoT), satellite communication, radar systems, and smart wireless networks require compact and highly efficient RF filters for reliable signal transmission and interference suppression. RF filters are important components that allow desired frequency signals to pass while rejecting unwanted frequencies and noise. With the rapid growth of wireless devices and limited spectrum resources, the demand for miniaturized, low-loss, multi-band, and …
Published in Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technologies · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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High-Gain Microstrip Patch Antenna for Satellite and Radar Applications
Abstract: The growing demand for high-speed wireless communication, satellite connectivity, and advanced radar systems has increased the necessity for compact and high-performance antenna designs. This study presents the design and analysis of a high-gain microstrip patch antenna intended for satellite and radar applications operating in the microwave frequency range. The proposed antenna structure is developed using a low-loss dielectric substrate to enhance radiation efficiency, bandwidth, and gain characteristics while maintaining a …
Published in Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technologies · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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Artificial Intelligence and Edge Computing in Oil and Gas: Applications, Architectures, and Operational Realities
Abstract: Artificial intelligence has arrived in oil and gas, and unlike some previous waves of digital enthusiasm in the sector, this one is sticking. Saudi Aramco analyses approximately 10 billion data point every day and reported USD 4 billion in technology-driven operational gains in 2024. ExxonMobil uses AI to increase shale well output by more than 5 percent. Shell has deployed machine learning across more than 10,000 assets using C3.ai to …
Published in Journal of Petroleum Engineering & Technology · Vol. 16, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 01–06 Read article
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In-Situ Polymerized GO/PANI Composites: Structural Evolution, Optical Modulation, and NH₃ Sensing at Room Temperature
Abstract: Graphene oxide (GO)/polyaniline (PANI) composites with varying PANI contents (20, 40, and 60 wt%) were synthesized via in-situ oxidative polymerization and systematically investigated for their structural, morphological, optical, and gas-sensing properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed a progressive increase in interlayer spacing and partial exfoliation of GO layers with increasing PANI content, indicating intercalation-assisted hybridization. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed the characteristic vibrational bands of both constituents and confirmed strong …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 4, 2026 · pp. 509–525 Read article
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Structural, Optical, Surface, and Gas-Sensing Properties of rGO/Sn1–xZnxO₂ Nanocomposites
Abstract: rGO/Sn₁–ₓZnₓO₂ nanocomposites with x = 0.00–0.75 were synthesized by sol–gel auto-combustion followed by wet impregnation with reduced graphene oxide. The adopted synthesis route enabled homogeneous Zn incorporation into the SnO₂ matrix and uniform distribution of rGO, leading to improved structural integrity and interfacial contact between the two components. XRD confirmed a dominant tetragonal cassiterite SnO₂ structure, while FTIR, FESEM, EDS, UV–visible, and BET analyses verified oxide–rGO coupling, Zn-dependent structural modification, …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 4, 2026 · pp. 429–452 Read article
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Steady State Visual Evoked Potential Based Brain Computer Interface System
Abstract: The steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) is a brain response that can be measured by an electroencephalogram (EEG) when a subject looks at periodic luminance- or contrast-modulated stimuli. In this study, flickering Light Emitting Diode (LED) is used as visual stimulation. Mostly, brain response is recorded using an electroencephalograph (EEG) and recorded in the brain's occipital lobe which is associated with human vision. The study encompasses key stages, beginning with …
Published in Current Trends in Signal Processing · Vol. 13, Issue 3, 2023 · pp. 35–43 Read article
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SU-8 Polymer as an Optical Waveguide for Integrated Optics
Abstract: Abstract: Optical integrated circuits analogous to electronic integration have many advantages over the latter technology. As information carriers are photons (bosons) in optical circuits rather than electrons (fermions), which maximize the speed as well as due to minimum mutual interaction between photons, losses are reduced whereas the band-width increases. Silicon is most dominant material in fabrication of Electronic Integrated Circits (EICs), Photonic Integrated Circuits (PICs) exploits the suitable optical properties …
Published in Journal of Electronic Design Technology · Vol. 10, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 20–26 Read article
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Design and Development of a Multifunction FPGA-based Data Acquisition System using Nonlinear Duty-cycle Modulation Technique
Abstract: AbstractA new generation of DAQ based on duty-cycle modulation technique is presented. It describes the design and prototyping of a FPGA-based data acquisition and signal generation board using the duty-cycle modulation technique and with computer-based software interface. The system is built around the DE0-Nano development board that embeds an Altera cyclone IV FPGA in which a NIOS II processor running at 100 MHz has been instantiated. The conversion technique from …
Published in Journal of Electronic Design Technology · Vol. 10, Issue 3, 2019 · pp. 8–26 Read article
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A Hexagonal Sierpinski Gasket Antenna with a Microstrip Feed Line and a Stub for UWB Applications
Abstract: In this paper a Sierpinski gasket hexagonal antenna is proposed with a feed line having a stub attached to it. Three iterations of the proposed antenna geometry were done and with this improved feeding technique for four resonant bands of operation from 2.86 to 3.3 GHz, 3.758–4.313 GHz, 7.514–8.5468 GHz and 12.352–10.976 GHz were obtained. The antenna is suitable for ultra wideband (UWB) and radiolocation applications. The proposed antenna was …
Published in Journal of Electronic Design Technology · Vol. 6, Issue 1, 2015 · pp. 14–18 Read article
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Characterization of Dielectric Resonator Antenna (DRA) for Broadband Applications: An Overview
Abstract: This article presents a brief review on realization techniques of broadband spectrum using Dielectric Resonators (DRs). Dielectric materials have attractive features in millimeter (mm) wave regions. In this article, attention has been focused on broadband design techniques using DRAs. The dielectric resonators possessing multi-resonant frequencies have been used for the purpose. These multi-resonant frequencies could be merged together to produce the required broadband spectrum. The primary goal of this review …
Published in Journal of Electronic Design Technology · Vol. 3, Issue 1-3, 2012 · pp. 6–14 Read article
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Design of Low Noise Transimpedance Amplifier using Multiple Feedback filter Topology
Abstract: This study presents the highly linear and low noise transimpedance amplifier (TIA) based on CMOS inverter as an amplifier within multiple feedback (MPFB) filter topology. Absence of complex analog circuitry and compatibility with widespread digital CMOS processes highlight this TIA topology asthe best choice in signal conditioning chains approaching analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). Special attention has been given to the TIA stability and compensation networks. Using dedicated low-dropout (LDO) regulator, the …
Published in Journal of Electronic Design Technology · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2022 · pp. 25–30 Read article
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Analysis and Design of Microstrip Antenna for Applications in Energy Harvesting
Abstract: AbstractThis paper focuses on design and analysis of wide band antenna for the use of energy harvesting. The design parameter for achieving optimal operation of the antenna is also analyzed. The presented antenna design has been simulated by IE3D software which is suitable for wide band applications at resonant frequency 3.23 and 4.25 GHz.Keywords: Wireless communication, LC filter, RF power, Schottky diodeCite this ArticleHira Sultan, Neha Sen, Vinod Kumar Singh, …
Published in Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technologies · Vol. 4, Issue 3, 2017 · pp. 1–4 Read article
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Analysis and Design of Coaxial Fed Microstrip Antenna on Multilayer substrate at Terahertz Frequency
Abstract: AbstractThe paper presents the performance of an antenna on a three-layered substrate material analyzed to enhance the electrical parameters such as bandwidth and gain of a microstrip antenna. A regular rectangular microstrip antenna design has been updated to a planar parabolic horn design for improving bandwidth to up to 30 times provided by a rectangular patch. The design has been simulated at 0.6 THz resonant frequency using Keysight’s ADS (Advanced …
Published in Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technologies · Vol. 4, Issue 3, 2017 · pp. 11–14 Read article
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A Watch E-cut shape Textile Antenna for WB Application
Abstract: AbstractIn this article, a Watch E-cut shape Microstrip textile antenna has been simulated under CST Software using bending material i.e. Jeans. The dielectric constant of Jeans material is 1.7. For antenna to be wearable Jeans substrate is used. The return loss of Watch E-cut shaped antenna is -54 dB at 6.3 GHz resonant frequency. It covers the bandwidth from 5 GHz to 7 GHz. In this paper simulated results like …
Published in Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technologies · Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2018 · pp. 29–32 Read article
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Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Planar Monopole Antenna Array for Indoor Multimedia Devices
Abstract: AbstractA UWB planar monopole antenna array for indoor multimedia devices is presented. The base work of antenna includes a modified rectangular monopole to cover entire UWB (3.1 to 10.6GHz) and fed with a 50Ω microstrip line. The proposed antenna array is having a compact size of (80*30*1.6mm3) with a spacing of 0.5*lambda between two elements. To exhibit a wider bandwidth, a rectangular cut in the ground plane has been introduced …
Published in Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technologies · Vol. 5, Issue 2, 2018 · pp. 28–35 Read article