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91 articles for “vaccine development”
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SiRNA-Based Multivalent Vaccines: A Systematic Review of Potential Risks, Benefits, and Future Applications
Abstract: Background: Small interfering RNA (SiRNA) technology represents a promising innovation in vaccine development, especially for multivalent vaccines that can target multiple pathogens or antigenic variants simultaneously. siRNA-based vaccines offer a unique mechanism to induce specific immune responses, presenting an adaptable and potentially powerful tool for tackling infectious diseases and cancer. Methods: This systematic review synthesizes recent studies on siRNA multivalent vaccines, focusing on their immunogenicity, safety, and effectiveness. We reviewed …
Published in International Journal of Vaccines · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 43–49 Read article
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Challenges to Women's Adoption of the Human Papillomavirus Vaccine in India: An Updated Review
Abstract: The widespread availability of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines in some countries throughout the last ten years has demonstrated encouraging outcomes in reducing HPV infection and associated conditions including warts and precancerous lesions. We highlight vaccination coverage and efficacy in this study, which includes the most recent data on available HPV vaccinations. Furthermore, the topic of pan-gender immunisation and ongoing clinical trials is covered. Increasing vaccination coverage is now something that …
Published in International Journal of Vaccines · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 21–30 Read article
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Toward Comprehensive Immunization: The Role of Combined COVID-19 and Influenza Vaccines in Public Health
Abstract: The emergence of multi-pathogen vaccines, particularly those combining protection against COVID- 19 and influenza, marks a significant advancement in immunization efforts. These combination vaccines have the potential to streamline vaccination processes, improve vaccine uptake, and reduce the burden on healthcare systems by offering a single dose that targets both viruses. COVID-19 and seasonal influenza are major public health concerns, with overlapping symptoms and seasonal patterns that justify the rationale for …
Published in International Journal of Vaccines · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 9–17 Read article
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A Note on Vaccine Design Using Bioinformatics Methods and Applications
Abstract: Vaccines prevent infectious diseases caused by viruses and bacteria saving millions of lives.It consists of certain agents that resemble disease causative agentsand stimulates our immune system to recognize and fight foreign antigens. Immune function or an immune response is the fundamental basis of the vaccine's mechanism. Vaccines are pharmaceutical derivatives that provide an affordable way to prevent diseases.Various bioinformatics approaches can be incorporated into vaccine design studies and development. Reverse …
Published in International Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology · Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2023 · pp. 1–9 Read article
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Personalised Cancer Vaccination Strategies: Bridging Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Immunotherapy
Abstract: Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment by harnessing the body’s immune system to detect and destroy cancer cells. Personalised cancer vaccines are one of the most promising options because they could allow treatment to be based on the specific tumour profile of each person. The goal of these vaccines is to make the immune system recognise and fight cancer-specific antigens, which will lead to strong and long-lasting anti-tumor responses. However, moving …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Immunology · Vol. 15, Issue 3, 2025 Read article
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The future of global immunisation strategies: an examination of vaccines
Abstract: Vaccination is still one of the best ways to improve public health, but worldwide immunization plans are facing new scientific, societal, and logistical problems. This article looks at the future of global immunization programs by looking at present and new vaccine technology, delivery systems, and policy frameworks. It looks at new technologies including mRNA platforms, thermostable vaccines, and new ways to distribute vaccinations that could help more people get them …
Published in International Journal of Vaccines · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 9–14 Read article
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Unraveling Metagenomics: A Comprehensive Diagnostic Approach for COVID-19
Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought attention to the need for rapid, accurate, and scalable diagnostic techniques. Metagenomics, a powerful technique that enables the comprehensive analysis of genetic material from complex microbial communities, has emerged as a promising diagnostic approach for COVID-19. This article elucidates the principles of metagenomic sequencing, highlighting its ability to detect viral RNA directly from clinical samples without prior knowledge of the pathogen. Furthermore, we discuss the …
Published in International Journal of Tropical Medicines · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 19–28 Read article
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Viral Chronicles: The Ever-Evolving Saga of COVID-19
Abstract: Coronaviruses, belonging to the family of RNA viruses, have recently captured global attention owing to their remarkable ability to infect a diverse array of species, ranging from animals to humans. These viral agents, recognized by their characteristic crown-like morphology when observed through electron microscopy, have a historical association with zoonotic diseases. Previous examples include Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). The term "Corona" …
Published in International Journal of Virus Studies · Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 16–25 Read article
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Biopolymer-Based Nanoparticles: Advances in Fabrication, Characterization, and Biomedical Applications
Abstract: The emergence of biopolymer-based nanoparticles, particularly those composed of proteins and polysaccharides, has significantly transformed the landscape of biocompatible and biodegradable materials. These nanoparticles offer immense potential due to their ability to facilitate encapsulation and targeted delivery of bioactive compounds, enhancing therapeutic efficacy while minimizing side effects. This review explores the various fabrication techniques, including emulsification, desolvation, coacervation, and electrospray drying, emphasizing their advantages and limitations. The characterization of nanoparticles …
Published in International Journal of Photochemistry and Photochemical Research · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 38–46 Read article
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A Review on Unmasking Merkel Cell Polyomavirus: From Discovery to Cancer Driver
Abstract: Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) is a small, non-enveloped, circular double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the Polyomaviridae family, first characterized in 2008. Epidemiological data suggest widespread exposure, with seroprevalence rates approaching 80% in adults. While primary infection is typically asymptomatic, rare integration events in Merkel cells can initiate oncogenesis, yielding Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), a neuroendocrine skin cancer with a five-year survival rate under 60%. This review integrates findings from six …
Published in International Journal of Virus Studies · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 6–11 Read article
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Host Invasion to Immune Evasion: Emerging Concepts in Pathogen Virulence Strategies
Abstract: Pathogens have evolved a wide repertoire of virulence strategies that allow them to invade host tissues, establish infection, and circumvent immune responses. From the initial steps of adhesion and colonization to complex molecular mimicry, antigenic variation, and immunomodulation, pathogens display remarkable adaptability. While traditional research has emphasized host cell entry and toxin production, emerging evidence highlights subtler and more dynamic strategies such as manipulation of host signaling pathways, subversion of …
Published in International Journal of Pathogens · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2025 Read article
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CRISPR, Recombinant DNA, and LAMP-Based Platforms for Monkeypox: Emerging Tools for Diagnosis and Therapeutic Development
Abstract: Monkeypox, a zoonotic viral infection caused by the Monkeypox virus of the Orthopoxvirus genus, has recurred as a worldwide public health concern after recent outbreaks outside of its classical endemic areas in Central and West Africa. The resurgence has demanded a thorough reassessment of its epidemiology, mode of transmission, and clinical presentation. In light of these challenges, recombinant DNA technology (rDNA) has emerged as a candidate for developing vaccines, diagnostics, …
Published in International Journal of Virus Studies · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 7–28 Read article
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Genomic Characterization of Emerging Arboviruses in Rural India
Abstract: Arboviruses (arthropod-borne viruses) represent a rapidly evolving group of pathogens responsible for significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. Rural India, characterized by dense vector populations, changing ecological patterns, and limited healthcare infrastructure, has become a hotspot for the emergence and re-emergence of arboviral diseases such as dengue, chikungunya, Japanese encephalitis, and more recently, Zika virus infections. Advances in genomic technologies, including next-generation sequencing (NGS), metagenomics, and …
Published in International Journal of Pathogens · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 1–8 Read article
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Nano-Chemical Revolution in Vaccinology: A Study
Abstract: The development of traditional vaccines, reliant on attenuated pathogens or purified proteins, has historically been limited by slow development timelines, poor stability, and low immunogenicity requiring potent, often non-specific, adjuvants. This synthesis argues that the convergence of nano-material science and meticulous chemical engineering represents the next major paradigm shift in preventative medicine. Nano-materials, particularly Lipid Nanoparticles (LNPs) and various polymeric or inorganic scaffolds, have transitioned from theoretical constructs to essential …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Immunology · Vol. 16, Issue 1, 2026 Read article
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India’s Pioneering Advancements in Vaccinology: Challenges and Milestones – Part 2
Abstract: India has become a global leader in vaccinology, playing a vital role in developing, producing, and distributing vaccines that protect millions of lives. By embracing advances in molecular immunology, recombinant antigen technology, and virus-like particle (VLP) platforms, the country has created affordable vaccines against major diseases, including poliovirus, rotavirus, and SARS-CoV-2. National initiatives, like Mission Indradhanush and Vaccine Maitri, have helped expand immunization coverage, improve public health, and share vaccines …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Microbiology and Virology · Vol. 16, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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Universal Immunization Program in India
Abstract: The Universal Immunization Program (UIP) in India, initiated by the Government of India in 1985 and incorporated into the Child Survival and Safe Motherhood Program in 1992, plays a crucial role in enhancing public health through systematic vaccination efforts. This program aims to save lives and strengthen immune systems by administering vaccines and antibiotics. The UIP has spurred the development of various campaigns, including mass media efforts, to promote immunization …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Microbiology and Virology · Vol. 14, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 24–30 Read article
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Vaccines Through Time: Conventional Foundations and Next-Gen Innovations–Part 1
Abstract: Vaccination serves as a critical pillar of global public health, markedly decreasing infection rates and associated mortality. Traditional vaccine platforms such as live attenuated, inactivated, toxoid, and subunit vaccines have demonstrated effectiveness against pathogens like Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Plasmodium spp., yet they are constrained by antigenic variability, limited immune persistence, and complex production processes. Breakthroughs in synthetic biology, structural antigen design, and computational vaccinology have driven the development of advanced …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Microbiology and Virology · Vol. 16, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 53–70 Read article
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Understanding the Impact: Adult BCG Vaccination in the Fight Against Tuberculosis
Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a big global health challenge, with significant mortality rates, especially in developing nations. India holds most TB cases throughout the globe. As HIV rates, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) continue to increase, the situation is deteriorating. These all come in the way of the End TB epidemic campaign by the World Health Organization (WHO) by 2030. Immunology and vaccinology represent critical fronts in TB …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Medical Science and Technology · Vol. 13, Issue 3, 2024 · pp. 1–6 Read article
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Next-Generation mRNA Therapeutics: Self-Amplifying, Thermostable and Personalized mRNA Vaccines in the Era of Precision Medicine
Abstract: Messenger RNA (mRNA) technology has brought a major change in modern medicine, especially after its successful use in COVID-19 vaccines. However, early mRNA vaccines faced several problems such as low stability, strict cold storage requirements, and lack of personalized treatment. To overcome these challenges, next-generation mRNA technologies have been developed, including self-amplifying mRNA (saRNA), thermostable mRNA vaccines, and personalized mRNA vaccines. This article discusses the development of mRNA therapeutics, the …
Published in International Journal of Vaccines · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 38–54 Read article
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The Emergence of Coxsackievirus A16 Associated with HFMD Colloquially Termed ‘Tomato Flu’ in India 2022: A Detailed Virological Inspection
Abstract: As the world battles the COVID-19 pandemic and grapples with a concerning spike in monkeypox cases, India has encountered another viral illness dubbed "Tomato Flu." Tomato Flu is a viral disease caused by coxsackievirus A16, which is a highly infectious illness affecting children under 10 years old.. Enterovirus A71, CV-A16, CVA6, and echoviruses are the causes of what is also referred to as hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). The …
Published in International Journal of Vaccines · Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 29–40 Read article