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49 articles for “epidemic”
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The Emergence of Coxsackievirus A16 Associated with HFMD Colloquially Termed ‘Tomato Flu’ in India 2022: A Detailed Virological Inspection
Abstract: As the world battles the COVID-19 pandemic and grapples with a concerning spike in monkeypox cases, India has encountered another viral illness dubbed "Tomato Flu." Tomato Flu is a viral disease caused by coxsackievirus A16, which is a highly infectious illness affecting children under 10 years old.. Enterovirus A71, CV-A16, CVA6, and echoviruses are the causes of what is also referred to as hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). The …
Published in International Journal of Vaccines · Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 29–40 Read article
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Advancing Tropical Medicine: Interdisciplinary Approaches, Innovation, and Health System Strengthening
Abstract: Tropical medicine encompasses a diverse range of infectious diseases prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions, presenting complex challenges to global health. This review offers an extensive examination of critical aspects within tropical medicine, emphasizing recent progress and upcoming avenues of research. Interdisciplinary collaboration is highlighted as essential for addressing the multifaceted nature of tropical diseases, with healthcare professionals, veterinarians, ecologists, epidemiologists, and social scientists working together to tackle complex health …
Published in International Journal of Tropical Medicines · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 1–13 Read article
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Tropical Medicine and Leishmaniasis: Unraveling the Complexities of a Neglected Tropical Disease
Abstract: Protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania are the cause of the vector-borne disease leishmaniasis, which poses a serious threat to global public health in tropical and subtropical areas. Despite being common and having a significant effect on human health, leishmaniasis is still a neglected tropical disease, with little funding available for investigation and prevention. This article examines the relationship between leishmaniasis and tropical medicine, emphasizing the particular difficulties this intricate …
Published in International Journal of Tropical Medicines · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 29–39 Read article
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A Comprehensive Review on Monkeypox Infection
Abstract: Monkeypox represents a zoonotic viral affliction instigated by the monkeypox virus, which is classified within the Poxviridae family and is distinct from the virus that causes chickenpox. Initially recognized in 1958, this infection has recently attracted international scrutiny due to its escalating incidence beyond traditional endemic territories. This review delivers an exhaustive examination of monkeypox, encompassing its epidemiology, viral morphology, modes of transmission, pathogenesis, clinical presentations, and therapeutic interventions. The …
Published in Recent Trends in Infectious Diseases · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 23–32 Read article
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A Study on accelerating threat of Emerging Infectious Diseases (EIDs) and imperative for a proactive, interdisciplinary Global Health Security Framework
Abstract: Emerging Infectious Diseases (EIDs) represent one of the most critical and persistent threats to global health security in the 21st century. Driven primarily by the synergy of unprecedented human encroachment into wild habitats, climate change-induced ecological disruption, accelerated international travel, and antimicrobial resistance, the frequency and severity of zoonotic spillover events are rapidly increasing. Traditional, reactive public health measures—focused on containment after an emergence—have repeatedly proven insufficient, leading to catastrophic …
Published in International Journal of Tropical Medicines · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 8–21 Read article
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Histoplasma capsulatum (Dimorphic Fungus) in India: Biological Features, Virulence Mechanisms, and Clinical Implications of Histoplasmosis.
Abstract: Histoplasmosis is a systemic mycosis caused by the thermally dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. Infection is acquired primarily by inhalation of infectious microconidia and may range from asymptomatic infection to severe disseminated disease. Although histoplasmosis has classically been associated with the river valleys of the Americas, it is being increasingly recognized in Asia, including India, where it frequently mimics tuberculosis, leishmaniasis, lymphoma, and leprosy, resulting in delayed diagnosis and treatment. Cutaneous …
Published in International Journal of Fungi · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 38–48 Read article
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Rodents and Zoonotic Diseases: Environmental Drivers and Prevention Measures
Abstract: Among the most ubiquitous animal species, rats spread several human diseases. Found in cities, rural areas, and everywhere in between, rats have adapted remarkably well to living alongside people. Unfortunately, this close contact makes it easier for them to carry and pass on harmful germs. Their biology, fast breeding, and ability to host various bacteria, viruses, and parasites often without getting sick themselves make them especially effective at spreading disease.This …
Published in International Journal of Virus Studies · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 12–21 Read article
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Dermatophytoses: Taxonomy, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Resistance, and Management.
Abstract: Dermatophytes, belonging to the family Arthrodermataceae, are keratinophilic fungi responsible for superficial mycoses. Dermatophytoses affect the skin, hair, and nails globally. Over the last few years, dermatophytic infections have seen a sharp rise in India, with the main causative agent being antifungal-resistant Trichophyton mentagrophytes genotype VIII. This review provides a detailed overview of dermatophytoses, including taxonomy, pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Dermatophytes belong to the kingdom Fungi, family Arthrodermataceae, with …
Published in International Journal of Fungi · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 28–37 Read article
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Demodex spp. (Acari: Demodicidae) Infestation in Humans: Diagnostic Clues and Therapeutic Approaches to Primary and Secondary Demodicosis.
Abstract: Demodicosis represents an inflammatory dermatosis and adnexal disorder arising from pathologic overgrowth of Demodex mites, primarily Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis, which are ubiquitous human ectoparasites residing in pilosebaceous units and eyelid margins. Once regarded as benign commensals, these mites are now recognized as primary drivers or key cofactors in diverse clinical phenotypes, including papulopustular eruptions, pityriasis folliculorum, rosacea-like disorders, blepharitis, meibomian gland dysfunction, and exacerbations of comorbid dermatoses such …
Published in International Journal of Insects · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 12–20 Read article
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Ebola Vaccination: From Outbreak Control to Global Preparedness
Abstract: Ebola virus disease (EVD) is one of the most dreadful and lethal viral infections, continuously generating threatening impacts on the health of the global population, especially in low-resource environments. This review provides an overview of Ebola vaccines, focusing on virology, vaccine development, clinical trials, regulatory approval, deployment plans, and ethical issues. Recombinant viral vector platforms have seen the development of successful vaccines, with the most prominent example being rVSV-ZEBOV, which …
Published in International Journal of Vaccines · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 27–37 Read article
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Viral Chronicles: The Ever-Evolving Saga of COVID-19
Abstract: Coronaviruses, belonging to the family of RNA viruses, have recently captured global attention owing to their remarkable ability to infect a diverse array of species, ranging from animals to humans. These viral agents, recognized by their characteristic crown-like morphology when observed through electron microscopy, have a historical association with zoonotic diseases. Previous examples include Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). The term "Corona" …
Published in International Journal of Virus Studies · Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 16–25 Read article
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Advancements in Drug Design Technology and Its Impact on COVID-19 Treatment
Abstract: The deadly coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic has recently spread, raising concerns about global health. The search for novel therapeutic compounds is made more necessary by the persistent problem of the absence of licensed medications or vaccinations. By saving money and time, computer-aided drug design has sped up the process of finding and developing new drugs. The structured-based and ligand-based drug discovery subcategories of computer-aided drug design (CADD) are the …
Published in International Journal of Virus Studies · Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 1–15 Read article
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Antibiotic Resistance Profiles of Salmonella Isolated from Al-Gharraf River and Iraqi Sewage
Abstract: Salmonella is a Gram-negative bacterium belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family. It has a rod-shaped (bacillus) structure. Salmonella is a prominent contributor to gastrointestinal sickness worldwide. In addition, it is the causative agent of more systemic severe disorders such as typhoid and paratyphoid fevers. Salmonella is primarily recognized as pathogens transmitted by water and food to people and animals. Salmonella is often found in water-related epidemics, even though it is routinely …
Published in Recent Trends in Infectious Diseases · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 1–10 Read article
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Review of Current Trends in Vaccine Development against Zoonotic Viruses: Challenges and Innovations
Abstract: The emergence of zoonotic viruses poses a significant threat to global public health, necessitating rapid advancements in vaccine development. This review highlights the current trends and innovative strategies employed in the creation of vaccines against zoonotic pathogens, including but not limited to viruses responsible for diseases such as Ebola, Zika, Nipah, and more recently, SARS-CoV-2. We discuss various vaccine platforms, including inactivated, live attenuated, mRNA, and viral vector vaccines, focusing …
Published in International Journal of Virus Studies · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 1–11 Read article
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Navigating the Challenges of COVID-19: A Guide for Mental and Behavioural Health
Abstract: The COVID-19 epidemic has posed unique encounters globally, impacting various aspects of daily life, including mental and behavioral health. The present study attempts to prepare a guide with ways and means to navigate the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic. This guide provides comprehensive insights and strategies for individuals to navigate these challenges effectively. The study began by addressing the psychosomatic effect of the pandemic, such as increased anxiety, depression, PTSD, …
Published in International Journal of Behavioral Sciences · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 1–15 Read article
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Climate-Driven Shifts in Vector-Borne Disease Ecology Across South Asia
Abstract: Climate change remains one of the most important phenomena affecting the geographical distribution and movement patterns of vector-borne diseases. In South Asia – characterized by high population density, rich biodiversity, and sharp climatic differences – there is growing evidence of the relationship between increasing temperatures and erratic precipitation, along with the behavior of insect vectors. This research aims to evaluate the effects of climate environmental changes on the distribution and …
Published in International Journal of Insects · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 1–5 Read article
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A Review on Unmasking Merkel Cell Polyomavirus: From Discovery to Cancer Driver
Abstract: Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) is a small, non-enveloped, circular double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the Polyomaviridae family, first characterized in 2008. Epidemiological data suggest widespread exposure, with seroprevalence rates approaching 80% in adults. While primary infection is typically asymptomatic, rare integration events in Merkel cells can initiate oncogenesis, yielding Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), a neuroendocrine skin cancer with a five-year survival rate under 60%. This review integrates findings from six …
Published in International Journal of Virus Studies · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 6–11 Read article
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HPV and Cardiovascular Risk: Unpacking a Novel Link Between Viral Infection and Heart Disease
Abstract: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is best known for its oncogenic potential, yet a growing body of evidence suggests that persistent HPV infection may also contribute to cardiovascular disease (CVD). In 2025, pooled analyses and conference reports galvanized attention by estimating that HPV‐positive individuals have ~40% higher risk of CVD and approximately double the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) compared with HPV‐negative peers, even after adjustment for traditional risk factors. These …
Published in International Journal of Virus Studies · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 1–5 Read article
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Postbiotics Unveiled: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Implications in Obesity.
Abstract: The burgeoning global obesity epidemic necessitates innovative therapeutic approaches, and postbiotics, bioactive compounds arising from microbial fermentation, have emerged as promising contenders in reshaping obesity management. This comprehensive review explores the multifaceted mechanisms by which postbiotics impact obesity, from modulating gut microbiota composition to influencing metabolic pathways and enhancing energy expenditure. The exploration of postbiotics is rooted in a deeper understanding of the gut–brain axis and bidirectional communication between gut …
Published in Emerging Trends in Metabolites · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 11–28 Read article
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Synthesis, Antibacterial Evaluation and Antifungal Study of New Biochemical Derivatives
Abstract: Bacterial and fungal infections have become widespread recently due to the spread of epidemics, diseases, and bacterial infections. As a result, infection rates have increased, prompting many researchers to develop new antibiotics to reduce the spread of these prevalent diseases. Researchers have prepared biochemical compounds similar in structure to drugs that eliminate infections and reduce their spread. One such derivative is imidazole; a well-known compound used in many medications for …
Published in Recent Trends in Infectious Diseases · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 19–28 Read article