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365 articles for “Keywords”
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A Survey on Congestion Control in Wireless Network Using Different Protocols
Abstract: AbstractThis paper presents a complete summary of work on congestion control in wireless network within the layers of the wireless network protocol. This paper is about the wireless network and the congestion in wireless network, describe the routing protocols such as proactive and reactive protocols (DSDV, DSR and AODV). Explain queue management and types of queue management such as Active Queue Management (AQM) and Passive Queue Management (PQM) and their …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 5, Issue 2, 2015 · pp. 6–11 Read article
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Performance Optimizing of a Simulated Model of a Fabry-Perot based Tunable Laser Operating at 1550 nm
Abstract: AbstractThe paper presents data for an optimized Fabry-Perot tunable laser, with a wavelength tuning range of 56.3 nm, with a high output power of 17.4307 dBm. Incentive for this research has been due to the cause that Fabry–Perot semiconductor laser diodes have been fine contenders as transmitters to be used in WDM optical networks. The proposed system is capable of modulating a maximum bit rate of 26.58 Gb/s, with an …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 4, Issue 3, 2014 · pp. 23–31 Read article
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A Resource Efficient Fast Recovery Strategy for Survivable WDM Networks
Abstract: ABSTRACT In WDM networks when failure occurs, huge amount of data is lost in a fraction of second. Therefore, the failed connection request must be re-routed through backup route as soon as possible. For achieving fast connection recovery, the primary lightpath is either link or segmented protected. However, the strategies result in inefficient utilization of resources. In this paper, we present a resource efficient parallel signaling-shared path protection (PS-SPP) based …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2012 · pp. 1–17 Read article
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Characterizing L-Band EDFA for WDM Optical Communication using Implicit Analytical Model
Abstract: ABSTRACT In this paper, some of the significant design parameters of L-band EDFA such as choice of optimum pump wavelength, optimum erbium-doped fiber (EDF) length, and optimum pump power have been characterized by solving implicit analytical signal gain equation using simulation as derived for C-band EDFA by F. F. Rühl. After determining optimum pump wavelength, optimum pump power and optimum EDF length, performance of L-band signal amplification has been shown …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 2, Issue 3, 2012 · pp. 8–16 Read article
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Performance Analysis of Free Space Optics with Optsim Simulator
Abstract: ABSTRACT Free space optics (FSO) is an expanding technology that is gaining acceptance in an increasing number of sectors of science and industry in tropical region, such as Malaysia. It provides an effective line of sight, wireless and high bandwidth communication between two points. However, FSO does have an uncontrolled drawback which is highly sensitive to atmospheric phenomena such as environmental temperature, rain, fog, smoke, and haze. Thus, the impact …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2012 · pp. 28–34 Read article
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Performance Study of Parabolically versus Exponentially Tapered Multimode Interference Coupler
Abstract: ABSTRACT This paper shows mainly the performance study on tapered section of Multimode Interference (MMI) coupler having either parabolic or exponential taper section. The comparative study of the 1 × 2 MMI coupler with proposed structure, such as the normalized width variation, and variation of MMI length are investigated by the 2D finite difference beam propagation method (BPM). We have found that exponential tapered MMI coupler has advantageous compared to …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2012 · pp. 8–17 Read article
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Analysis of M-ary Signaling for Weak Turbulence Regime in FSO Communication System
Abstract: Abstract: The need for high data rate LOS communication is accomplished using the Free Space Optical communication. Being a very cost-effective approach, it contributes to the easy set-up and deployment of point to point terrestrial link. It transmits the light signal in free space channel (air, vacuum etc.) using LASERs or LEDs and received via photodetector. In this paper, the channel is modelled using Lognormal turbulence model. This channel model …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 24–31 Read article
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Performance Comparison of Hadamard Code and MultiDiagonal Code in SAC-OCDMA system
Abstract: Abstract: The objective of this study is performance Comparison of two different coding techniques in spectral-amplitude coding OCDMA (SAC-OCDMA) Here two such codes. Hadamard code and multi-diagonal code are simulated in OCDMA codes have been compared in terms of the BER, length and data rate First, we simulate the OCDMA using Hadamard code. And analyze the performance of OCDMA system. Again, simulate the OCDMA using MD code. Then compare both …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 46–55 Read article
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Effect of ETL layer thickness on perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3) solar cell
Abstract: Abstract: Thickness of ETL (Electron transport layer) shows important role in term of stability and efficiency of perovskite solar cells. In this paper the numerical simulation and extensive modeling have been performed on perovskite solar cell using perovskite material such as methyl ammonium lead Iodide (MAPbI3, MA=CH3NH3) with the help of SCAPS tool. The electrical properties of the MAPbI3 material used as active layer, have been calculated for different parameter …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 32–37 Read article
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Modeling of Photovoltaic Module with MATLAB/Simulink
Abstract: Abstract The generation of electrical energy from sunlight is achieved with an interface called photovoltaic (PV) module. The PV module plays a vital role for extracting electrical energy from sunlight, thus its accuracy is most important parameter for consideration while developing mathematical model of PV module. For higher accuracy the single diode model with series and parallel resistors combination is used. For simulating this device in MATLAB/Simulink we need weather …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 38–45 Read article
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Comparative Evaluation of Tin Perovskite based Solar Cell
Abstract: AbstractPerovskite material utilized in manufacturing solar cells as active layer has altogether improved their effectiveness for power change. They possess conversion efficiency impressively more than the traditional technologies, for example, silicon based cells. They likewise have PCE more than the DSSC. They are accounted for to have conversion efficiency of about 20%. There has been a great increment in the estimation of PCE of these cells utilizing Perovskite as active …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 9, Issue 3, 2019 · pp. 15–18 Read article
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BER Analysis in Optical Fiber Communication System using Different Optical Amplifiers
Abstract: AbstractThis paper describes the simulation study of losses that occurs in the optical fiber communication system with and without optical amplifiers. The analysis is done in the OPTISYSTEM 16.0 software on the basis of Q-factor, BER and eye height for different optical amplifiers which are Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) and Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA)Keywords: BER, eye diagram, Q-factor, eye height, SOA, EDFA, OPTISYSTEM 16.0Cite this ArticleArpitha G.A. BER Analysis …
Published in Trends in Opto-electro & Optical Communication · Vol. 9, Issue 3, 2019 · pp. 33–42 Read article
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Public transportation system in Jaipur
Abstract: AbstractJaipur was selected as one of twenty smart cities. Efficient urban mobility is core infrastructure elements for any smart city. Preparation and implementation of the demonstration project at Jaipur involves several – strategic actions which are covered under a larger Bus Modernisation Plan, the details of which are provided in the City Bus Modernisation Plan (CBMP) report. Several Short, Medium and Long Term Action Plans have been provided in that …
Published in Trends in Transport Engineering and Applications · Vol. 4, Issue 3, 2017 · pp. 23–27 Read article
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Detail study on circular runway
Abstract: The paper presents the new concept for future air terminal traffic activity. This runway is utilized for take-off and land from any direction, hence offering the remarkable trademark that the runway can be utilized under any wind condition through the opportunities for an airplane to work consistently with headwind during take-off and landing. Besides, it will permit airplane to abbreviate their worldwide direction through upgraded take off and appearance courses …
Published in Trends in Transport Engineering and Applications · Vol. 8, Issue 1, 2021 · pp. 16–21 Read article
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Effect of vehicle composition on signalized intersection capacity
Abstract: For the design of signalized intersections, capacity is the most critical parameter used. Proper capacity assessment plays an important role in deciding the degree of operation. In order to estimate capacity, the saturation flow rate must be assessed by considering the parameters affected. The main objective of the present study is to identify the impact of the composition of the vehicle and the effect of the time taken to cross …
Published in Trends in Transport Engineering and Applications · Vol. 8, Issue 3, 2021 · pp. 1–7 Read article
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A Study on Data Protection and Data Security Strategies in Cyber Space
Abstract: ABSTRACT “You can have security and not have privacy, but you cannot have privacy without security.” – Tim Mather Data security is the means of ensuring that data is kept safe from corruption and that access to it is suitably controlled. Thus, data security helps to ensure privacy. It also helps in protecting personal data. This study deals with the basic definition of data protection, different methods of data protection, …
Published in Current Trends in Information Technology · Vol. 2, Issue 3, 2012 · pp. 1–10 Read article
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Image Steganography Using Multi-level Hiding Technique
Abstract: ABSTRACTSteganography is the art of hiding secret information in the innocent-looking cover media but the concern of the sender of the secret data remains that the secret communication embedded should not be deciphered by a hacker or examiner. Presently, single level of hiding of the secret message in the cover medium is resorted to. This paper presents a novel idea of multi-level hiding (MLH) of the secret information in the …
Published in Current Trends in Information Technology · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2012 · pp. 7–11 Read article
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Trapeza Intelligence: Transforming the Information
Abstract: ABSTRACTInformation is the heart of every business. For effective decision making, information management is required so that pertinent information is available from time to time. Nowadays, the banking and financial service industry is rapidly changing due to the factors like globalization, mergers and acquisitions and technological innovations. With information pouring into the organization, banks are constantly challenged to turn vast data stores into actionable insight. This can be achieved with …
Published in Current Trends in Information Technology · Vol. 2, Issue 3, 2012 · pp. 29–37 Read article
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A Review of Digital Image Watermarking Techniques for Secure Data Transmission
Abstract: AbstractNowadays, a chief problem encountered by content providers and owners is the protection of their material. The ease by which digital information can be duplicated and distributed has led to the need for effective copyright protection tools. Recently digital watermarking technology has emerged as an effective solution for protecting the digital content from unauthorized copying. With its area of application coexisting in all three forms of media, i.e., image, music …
Published in Current Trends in Information Technology · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2013 · pp. 1–6 Read article
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Design and Implementation of an Improved Cryptographic Algorithm using UNICODE and Universal Colors
Abstract: AbstractA new cryptography algorithm based on Unicode and Universal colors is proposed to preserve the confidentiality of the data. The use of Unicode as encoding scheme provides support to a very large range of characters. The colors are used to obtain a large key domain to avoid cryptanalyst attacks like brute-force and dictionary attacks. The concept is based on the symmetric key cryptography that supports the use of a single …
Published in Current Trends in Information Technology · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2013 · pp. 10–16 Read article