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286 articles for “tube”
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Lemon Sign: The Diagnostic Indicator for Spina Bifida
Abstract: The “lemon sign” is a distinctive ultrasonographic finding that serves as a diagnostic indicator for spina bifida, a congenital neural tube defect characterized by incomplete closure of the spinal cord. This sign is observed in fetal imaging and is considered an early and reliable marker for detecting spina bifida, particularly when combined with other prenatal diagnostic tools such as the “banana sign.” The lemon sign is characterized by a flattened, …
Published in International Journal of Midwifery Nursing And Practices · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 1–6 Read article
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Stretchable Elastomer–PCM Composites with Bluetooth-Enabled Temperature Monitoring for Wearable Healthcare IoT Devices
Abstract: The rapid advancement of wearable healthcare technologies has created a growing demand for multifunctional polymer composites capable of simultaneously providing mechanical flexibility, thermal energy management, electrical conductivity, sensing capability, and wireless communication. In this study, a stretchable elastomer-based polymer composite integrated with a phase-change material and a Bluetooth Low Energy temperature monitoring system was developed for wearable healthcare Internet-of-Things applications. The polymer composite was fabricated using an Ecoflex silicone elastomer …
Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 14, Issue 4, 2026 · pp. 241–257 Read article
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Activating agents control the morphology of activated carbon materials from biomass
Abstract: The stems of the plant Calotropis gigantea (Cg) were were used as a feedstock for the activated carbon material. Carbonate (K 2 CO 3 ) and oxalate (Na 2 C 2 O 4 ) were used as chemical activating agents. The morphological features of the activated carbon materials were characterized using FEG-SEM. The morphology of the activated carbon materials is found to depend on the type of activating agent used. …
Published in Journal of Catalyst & Catalysis · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 27–38 Read article
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Host Invasion to Immune Evasion: Emerging Concepts in Pathogen Virulence Strategies
Abstract: The interaction between hosts and pathogens represents a continuous evolutionary struggle, shaping both microbial virulence and host immunity. Pathogens employ diverse strategies to evade immune surveillance, ranging from antigenic variation and molecular mimicry to hijacking of host immune checkpoints. Simultaneously, hosts refine innate and adaptive immune mechanisms to counteract infection and limit damage. This reciprocal adaptation, known as host–pathogen coevolution, influences pathogen persistence, transmission, and fitness, while also sculpting immune …
Published in International Journal of Pathogens · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 Read article
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Automatic Saline Monitoring System
Abstract: Doctors use Intravenous (IV) therapy to replenish lost fluids flush wounds, deliver medicals and sustain patients through surgery, dialysis and chemotherapy. IV therapy is also used when a person requires a large dose of medication for an extended period of time or when a person requires multiple injections while receiving treatments for some chronic conditions. When fed with saline, monitoring the level of saline is mandatory. There are cases where …
Published in Current Trends in Signal Processing · Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2022 · pp. 14–18 Read article
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Developments of Fiber-reinforced Plastics
Abstract: This article is a description of fiber-reinforced plastic to subject composite, where individual constitutions have been reinforced to develop better properties than individual materials. Fiber-reinforced composite materials are alternatives over solitary metals or alloys in terms of strength, stiffness, density, and low cost with improved sustenance. Differential behavior from composited formation has functionally upgraded after usage from the equivalent differential proportion of filler added. Or add-in addendum has been implicated …
Published in Emerging Trends in Chemical Engineering · Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2021 · pp. 1–9 Read article
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Experimental, Analytical and Numerical Study of Energy Absorption Properties of Aluminum Crush Boxes with and without Buckling Initiators (Axial Loading)
Abstract: The crashworthiness in automobile is stated as the capability of a passenger car and its interior arrangements to safe-guard occupants from harm. Whenever an accident occurs, the passengers in the car can be injured due to one of the following reasons: (1) excess acceleration force; (2) physical injury from contact with injurious surfaces, and; (3) exposed to fire, smoke, and chemicals released during accidents. Thus effective crashworthiness design must take …
Published in Journal of Automobile Engineering and Applications · Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2017 · pp. 1–9 Read article
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An Experimental Analysis on Diesel Engine with Coil Cooler System by Numerical Approach
Abstract: Heat exchangers are very essential devices for the industrial applications such as power plant industries, refrigeration and air conditioning systems, and automobiles systems etc. One of the sources to produce electric power is diesel engine with generator called diesel generator. Diesel is a working fluid in this system. In general diesel generators are equipped with radiators or cooling tower systems for cooling the system. For low capacity diesel generators such …
Published in Journal of Automobile Engineering and Applications · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2015 · pp. 8–15 Read article
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Natural Convection Heat Transfer from Annular Step Fins and Annular Triangular Fins Fitted over a Vertical Cylinder
Abstract: AbstractNatural convection heat transfer from a vertical cylinder with annular step and triangular fins has been studied numerically at various Rayleigh numbers within the laminar range. The computations were carried at a constant fin spacing to tube diameter ratio of 1. In the current study, numerical simulations of Navier-Stokes equation in support with the energy equation are conducted for a vertical cylinder with annular step fins as well as triangular …
Published in Journal of Alternate Energy Sources & Technologies · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2018 · pp. 20–27 Read article
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Parametric Study of a Solar Heat Driven Silica Gel–Water Paired Adsorption Chiller
Abstract: Heat driven sorption based cooling systems are gaining interest as they are environmentally friendly and have the potential to save precious fossil fuel resources. Low grade thermal sources like solar or waste heat can run a silica gel-water paired adsorption chiller to generate chilled water below 10°C. However, the performance of the adsorption chillers is poor when compared to vapour absorption or vapour compression based cooling systems. An effort has …
Published in Journal of Alternate Energy Sources & Technologies · Vol. 6, Issue 2, 2015 · pp. 19–29 Read article
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Structural Analysis and Design of Prestressed Concrete Subway
Abstract: Subway is an underground tube which is used to carry underground roadway and railway systems within urban and suburban areas. To reduce the traffic volume above the ground underground Subway is used to connects many busy places through a common route. Many Metropolitan Cities in India are on the verge of getting saturated due to Urbanization therefore the Planning and Construction of such underground Subway is very much important in …
Published in Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology & Management · Vol. 11, Issue 3, 2021 · pp. 27–35 Read article
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Designing and Simulation of Novel 6T CNT Based Schmitt Trigger on 32 nm Regime
Abstract: With the advancement of technology, we are needed to make the circuits more efficient, and for this, less leakage current and leakage power circuits are needed. Taking this into account, a model of Schmitt trigger using C-MOS (complementary mosfet) and CNT (Carbon Nano Tube) has been compared. We have worked on C-MOS and CNT circuits by using H-SPICE software. As a result, it is found that leakage current and leakage …
Published in Journal of Control & Instrumentation · Vol. 9, Issue 2, 2018 · pp. 1–4 Read article
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Viscosity Measurement using Falling Ball Method using LabVIEW
Abstract: The viscosity is one of the most important parameter in manufacturing of fluids such as the beverages and lubricant oils. In this paper the dynamic viscosity measurement is proposed to be done automatically by using falling ball method. The velocity of ball and fluid density are necessary to find the viscosity under falling ball method. The velocity of ball is determined by dropping a ball in a fluid filled tube …
Published in Journal of Control & Instrumentation · Vol. 6, Issue 2, 2015 · pp. 19–24 Read article
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Cold Light Source for Endoscopy using AVR Microcontroller
Abstract: An endoscopy involves the procedure of examining internal organs of the human body using endoscope. Presently, during endoscopy halogentype or xenon type light sources are used. The main drawback of these sources is the heat dissipated by them effects the sensor data. Due to high temperature in the surrounding environment, the video tube or optical fiber used to transfer data may be damaged. Moreover if the lamp turns off during …
Published in Journal of Control & Instrumentation · Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2014 · pp. 5–10 Read article
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Automation of Heat Exchanger System using DCS
Abstract: Heat exchangers are built for efficient transferring heat from one fluid to another. They have an extensive demand in areas such as petroleum, refineries, chemical plants, petrochemical plants, natural gas processing, refrigeration, power plants, air conditioning, space heating and process industry. Automation of Heat exchange can be done optimally using PID Block. Using PID function block the outlet fluid temperature can be maintained as desired. The automation of Shell and …
Published in Journal of Control & Instrumentation · Vol. 5, Issue 1, 2014 · pp. 22–28 Read article
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The Effect of Compression on Sound Absorption of Multi-layered Isotropic and Transversely Isotropic Porous Materials at Oblique Incidence
Abstract: Porous materials which are effective in sound absorption in automobile and airplane industry areoften used under compression. This compression is associated with a reduction in thickness and theresulting changes in acoustical properties and non-acoustical parameters of the porous materials.Therefore, these acoustics changes should be taken into account when the behavior of these materialsis studied. So far, the studies on the effect of compression on sound absorption characteristics ofporous materials have …
Published in Journal of Experimental & Applied Mechanics · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2021 · pp. 43–61 Read article
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A Review on Nanotechnology Application for CO/CO2 Gas Sensor Fabrication
Abstract: AbstractNano-technology finds application in developing nano sensors. There are various tools and techniques available in nanotechnology to develop nanostructures like nano wires and nano tubes. This paper reviews various gas sensors and nano techniques for CO/CO2 sensor fabrication.Keywords: Nano technology, CO/CO2 sensor, deposition methodsCite this ArticleNikhila Patil, Dipali Patil. A Review on Nanotechnology Application for CO/CO2 Gas Sensor Fabrication. Journal of Instrumentation Technology & Innovations. 2017; 7(3): 1–4p.
Published in Journal of Instrumentation Technology & Innovations · Vol. 7, Issue 3, 2017 · pp. 1–4 Read article
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Water Quality Parameters And It’s Analysis Using IOT
Abstract: Water is the key to survival for all kind of living beings, in fact earth is the only planet on which life exists and the reason behind this is availability of water. If we consider statistically, approximately 70% of water each day goes untreated, and this untreated water ends up merging with all the waterbodies including underground water supplies. Due to underground water pollution the effect comes on crops as …
Published in Journal of Instrumentation Technology & Innovations · Vol. 11, Issue 3, 2021 · pp. 1–5 Read article
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Implementation of CDM Based PID Controller for a Stable and Double Integrating Process
Abstract: In this paper an attempt has been made to design a PID controller for a double integrating process and shell and tube heat exchanger process based on coefficient diagram method (CDM). Ball and beam system (Linear process) and the heat exchanger systems (Non-linear process) are widely used as a bench mark control setup for evaluating various control strategies. Many PID controller designs are developed for stable system, however it is …
Published in Journal of Mechatronics and Automation · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2015 · pp. 15–22 Read article
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Effect of Isothermal Ageing on Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of 0.5Cr-0.5Mo-0.2V Low Alloy Steel
Abstract: Cr-Mo-V based low alloy steels are widely used in thermal power plants because of their ability to withstand elevated temperature and high pressure under continuous operation. With ferrite-pearlite and/or ferrite-bainite microstructures, these steels find their applications in boiler tubes, pressure vessels and steam turbines. Being cost effective is one of the important factors, which draws attention of many industrialists towards low alloyed steels over highly alloyed steels with austenitic matrix. …
Published in Journal of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering · Vol. 5, Issue 3, 2015 · pp. 7–14 Read article