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Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmacology Review Article

The Function of Diuretics in Current Medical Practice and Prospective Advancements

  1. Renu Dwivedi School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bahra University, Waknaghat
  2. Avi Baliyan School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bahra University, Waknaghat

Abstract

Diuretics have a rich history that spans several centuries, and this review aims to highlight their progression and clinical uses. We start by exploring kidney physiology, followed by a description of how diuretics function through symporters in the renal tubules. Different categories of diuretics are outlined, along with details of their specific actions. Next, we investigate the clinical use of diuretics in conditions, such as congestive heart failure and hypertension, as well as in some less prevalent but medically important conditions. The possible side effects of diuretics, along with their underlying causes, are also addressed. Frequent adverse effects, including hypokalemia and hyponatremia, are examined in depth, along with other electrolyte disturbances like hypomagnesemia. The role of diuretics in the management of chronic kidney disease is explored, along with updates on new guidelines in this field. A segment on diuretic misuse is included, given its growing recognition in clinical settings, emphasizing the often-tragic consequences of such abuse. Additionally, research is ongoing into the use of diuretics for diagnosing certain types of tubular renal acidosis. Lastly, some of the latest strategies for diuretic treatment are discussed, often stemming from advances in molecular biology, revealing new compounds that may soon enter future medication lists.

Keywords

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