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Research & Reviews: A Journal of Drug Formulation, Development and Production

A Review on Advances in Personalized Medicine: from Genomics to Clinical Applications

  1. Surya Prakash D.V
  2. Akshita Vishnoi
  3. Himani Sharawat

Abstract

Personalised medicine, also known as precision medicine, is a revolutionary approach to healthcare that customises medical interventions and treatments for individual patients according to their distinct genetic, environmental, and lifestyle properties. The basic pillar of personalised medicine is genomics, and the area has seen an explosion of genetic information with the advent of high-throughput sequencing tools. Genomic data now provide unprecedented insights into the underlying genetic variations, mutations, and genetic predispositions that underpin disease. These advancements have resulted in the identification of multiple disease-associated genes and biomarkers, allowing for the evaluation of risk, diagnosis at an early stage, and targeted therapy for a variety of ailments such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and rare genetic disorders.The invention of pharmacogenomics, which uses a patient's genetic composition to predict how they will react to a particular medication, is one of the most amazing advances in personalised medicine. This customised strategy aids in preventing negative drug reactions and improving the results of treatment. Moreover, a thorough understanding of disease mechanisms has been made possible by the integration of omics data (genomics, transcriptomics, proteome, and metabolomics), opening the door for the creation of novel therapeutic approaches.Advances in molecular diagnostics, such as liquid biopsies, have enabled non-invasive monitoring of disease progression and therapy response.

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