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Research and Reviews : A Journal of Biotechnology Original Research

Recombinant Proteins and Nested Gene Regulation: Nutrient Driven Immune Response and Disease Resistance in Livestock

  1. Md. Emran Hossain Department of Animal Science and Nutrition, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram-4225

Abstract

Livestock production systems are increasingly challenged by infectious diseases, metabolic disorders, and environmental stressors that reduce productivity and compromise animal health. Advances in molecular biology and animal nutrition now offer new opportunities to strengthen disease resistance through integrated strategies that combine recombinant protein technologies, gene regulatory mechanisms, and nutrient mediated immune modulation. This review examines how recombinant proteins and nested gene regulation interact to shape nutrient driven immune responses in livestock. Recombinant proteins, including immunomodulatory peptides, cytokines, and functional enzymes, serve as precise biological tools to enhance host defense and regulate immune function. Their use in livestock systems enables targeted interventions that can improve pathogen resistance and reduce reliance on conventional antibiotics. In parallel, nested gene regulation represents a hierarchical genomic system in which genes embedded within larger structures enable fine-tuned control of immune responses under varying physiological conditions. These gene networks allow adaptive and context specific regulation of immunity. Animal nutrition plays a central role in modulating both recombinant protein activity and gene expression pathways. Amino acids, vitamins, minerals, and bioactive feed components influence immune signaling, cytokine production, and metabolic balance. Nutrient sensing pathways interact closely with gene regulatory networks, shaping immune competence and disease resilience. The integration of these mechanisms demonstrates a dynamic interplay between diet, molecular regulation, and immune function. Although challenges remain in scalability, regulatory complexity, and field level application, this integrated framework provides a promising pathway for developing sustainable, disease resistant livestock systems with improved health and productivity

Keywords

References (80)

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