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Research and Reviews : A Journal of Biotechnology Review Article

A Review of Biotechnology Advancements as Key Drivers of Scientific Innovations

  1. Enochoghene, Adebisi E. Environmental Management and Toxicology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Lead City University (LCU), Ibadan,
  2. Bamkefa Bukola A. Department of Biological Sciences, Lead City University (LCU), Ibadan
  3. Ogungbile Peter O. Environmental Management and Toxicology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Lead City University (LCU), Ibadan

Abstract

The rising human challenges have necessitated the quest to find lasting solutions to improve living standards. Challenges in food security in terms of quality and quantity, medical and health issues, energy deficiency and limitations in areas of transportation, domestic and industrial needs, as well as environmental issues are some major areas of application of biotechnology to sustain human existence. This review examines major scientific innovations driven by biotechnology. Biotechnology applied to improve microorganisms have provided such innovations as fermented foods, biofuels, antibiotics, enhanced degradation, and drug syntheses. Plant biotechnology has also brought about innovations to achieve food security through biofortification, phytoremediation, pathogen-resistant and tolerant crops, and tissue culture. Animal and aquatic biotechnology have also provided innovations in breeding animals with desired traits ultimately for food and other industrial products to sustain humans. Environmental biotechnology has contributed to bioremediation, biofuel generation, and monitoring of environmental media. Similarly, medical biotechnology has improved human well-being by producing vaccines and drugs to treat or prevent diseases, and correct genetic disorders. This paper gives an overview of current knowledge of biotechnology in driving scientific innovations, which ultimately solves societal challenges and improves human livelihood.

Keywords

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