STM Journals Peer-reviewed research from Consortium e-Learning Network

Journal of Polymer & Composites Original Research Special issue

Mechanical Property Assessment of Hybrid Composite Laminates Composed of Jute Glass Fibers in Combination with Flax, Hemp, Sisal and Kenaf Fibers Using the Hand Layup Technique

  1. Abdul Rehman Department of Mechanical Engineering, MGM’s College of Engineering, Nanded
  2. G.S. Lathkar Department of Mechanical Engineering, MGM’s College of Engineering, Nanded
  3. V. B. Suryawanshi Department of Mechanical Engineering, Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute (VJTI), Mumbai
  4. M. Zubairuddin Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aditya Engineering College, Surampalem

Abstract

The present work compares the properties of various hybrid composite laminates manufactured using the hand layup technique and addresses their production process, based on glass fiber as the exterior layer and natural fibers (flax, hemp, kenaf, jute, and sisal) as interior layers, in an epoxy resin. Five stacking sequences A-GJJJJG, B-GFJJFG, C-GHJJHG, D-GKJJKG, and E-GJSSJG were used to prepare the test specimens. According to ASTM guidelines, experiments were performed to determine tensile, flexural and impact behavior. Scanning electron microscopy was employed to evaluate fracture surfaces. The mechanical performance of laminates A and C appears to be superior among all five laminates. It is found that the stacking sequence affects the mechanical performance of the hybrid laminates considerably. Hemp (GHJJHG) containing laminates had highest tensile strength, whereas the laminate having jute (GJJJJG) exhibited the highest flexural strength and impact resistance. The presence of good interfacial adhesion between the hemp fibers and the matrix, as determined from the SEM analysis, was found to contribute to the better mechanical properties observed. One of the most significant advantages of natural fiber composites is their biodegradability. Synthetic and natural fibers can be effectively combined to form composites that provide an optimum balance between strength, weight, cost and environmental consideration. It is the ability to customize these materials by choosing specific fiber types and stacking sequences that makes them even more versatile making them suitable for a wide range of applications across various industries.

Keywords

References (31)

  1. Kumar A, Shah PK, Singh R, Chand A, Yadav S, Ram SC. Synthesis and mechanical characterization of natural fibre polymer matrix laminated hybrid composites reinforced with glass-fibre and flax-fibre synthesized by hand-lay-up techniques. 2022 International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication and Materials (ICACCM). 2022:1-6. doi:10.1109/icaccm56405.2022.10009451
  2. Nugraha AD, Nuryanta MI, Sean L, Budiman K, Kusni M, Muflikhun MA. Recent Progress on Natural Fibers Mixed with CFRP and GFRP: Properties, Characteristics, and Failure Behaviour. Polymers. 2022;14(23):5138. doi:10.3390/polym14235138
  3. Basrani J, Kumar M, Kumar P. An Experimental Study of Static and Dynamic Behavior of the Hybrid Composite. Journal of Natural Fibers. 2022;19(17):15475-15487. doi:10.1080/15440478.2022.2128146
  4. Meenakshi CM, Krishnamoorthy A. Mechanical Characterization and Comparative Evaluation of the Different Combination of Natural and Glass Fiber Reinforced Hybrid Epoxy Composites. Lecture Notes on Multidisciplinary Industrial Engineering. 2018:93-101. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-76276-0_10
  5. Muthuvel M, Ranganath G, Janarthanan K, Srinivasan K. Characterization Study Of Jute And Glass Fiber Reinforced Hybrid Composite Material. Int J Eng Res Technol 2013;2(4). Available from: https://www.ijert.org/research/characterization-study-of-jute-and-glass-fiber-reinforced-hybrid-composite-material-IJERTV2IS4188.pdf
  6. Bambach MR. Direct Comparison of the Structural Compression Characteristics of Natural and Synthetic Fiber-Epoxy Composites: Flax, Jute, Hemp, Glass and Carbon Fibers. Fibers. 2020;8(10):62. doi:10.3390/fib8100062
  7. Panico M, Cozzolino E, Papa I, Taha I, Lopresto V. An Investigation of the Mechanical Properties of Flax/Basalt Epoxy Hybrid Composites from a Sustainability Perspective. Polymers. 2024;16(19):2839. doi:10.3390/polym16192839
  8. Tamrakar S, Kiziltas A, Mielewski D, Zander R. Characterization of kenaf and glass fiber reinforced hybrid composites for underbody shield applications. Composites Part B: Engineering. 2021;216:108805. doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2021.108805
  9. Karthick L, Sivakumar S, Sasikumar A, Prabhu A, Senthil Kumar J, Vadivukarasi L. A comparison and analysis of mechanical properties of glass fiber and banana fiber composite. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2022;52:398-402. doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2021.09.073
  10. Sanjay M, Yogesha B. Studies on hybridization effect of jute/kenaf/E-glass woven fabric epoxy composites for potential applications: Effect of laminate stacking sequences. Journal of Industrial Textiles. 2017;47(7):1830-1848. doi:10.1177/1528083717710713
  11. Wagh J, Madgule M, Awadhani LV. Investigative studies on the mechanical behavior of Jute, Sisal, Hemp, and glass fiber-based composite material. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2023;77:969-976. doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2022.12.101
  12. Pickering KL, Efendy MGA, Le TM. A review of recent developments in natural fibre composites and their mechanical performance. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing. 2016;83:98-112. doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2015.08.038
  13. Rehman A, Lathkar GS. An Investigation into Carbon/Epoxy Composites for Conceptual Design of Automobile Vehicle Under Various Loads. In: Proceedings- International Conference on Advancements in Interdisciplinary Research. Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology (MNNIT) Allahabad; 2022. Available from: https://www.riverpublishers.com/pdf/ebook/RP_P9788770228282_ebook.pdf
  14. Selver E, Dalfi H, Yousaf Z. Investigation of the impact and post-impact behaviour of glass and glass/natural fibre hybrid composites made with various stacking sequences: Experimental and theoretical analysis. Journal of Industrial Textiles. 2020;51(8):1264-1294. doi:10.1177/1528083719900670
  15. Khalid MY, Arif ZU, Sheikh MF, Nasir MA. Mechanical characterization of glass and jute fiber-based hybrid composites fabricated through compression molding technique. International Journal of Material Forming. 2021;14(5):1085-1095. doi:10.1007/s12289-021-01624-w
  16. Rajak D, Pagar D, Menezes P, Linul E. Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites: Manufacturing, Properties, and Applications. Polymers. 2019;11(10):1667. doi:10.3390/polym11101667
  17. Selver E, Ucar N, Gulmez T. Effect of stacking sequence on tensile, flexural and thermomechanical properties of hybrid flax/glass and jute/glass thermoset composites. Journal of Industrial Textiles. 2017;48(2):494-520. doi:10.1177/1528083717736102
  18. Malalli CS, Ramji BR. Mechanical characterization of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites and their application in Prosthesis: A review. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2022;62:3435-3443. doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2022.04.276
  19. Sinha AK, Narang HK, Bhattacharya S. Mechanical properties of natural fibre polymer composites. Journal of Polymer Engineering. 2017;37(9):879-895. doi:10.1515/polyeng-2016-0362
  20. Das SC, Paul D, Grammatikos SA, Siddiquee MAB, Papatzani S, Koralli P, et al. Effect of stacking sequence on the performance of hybrid natural/synthetic fiber reinforced polymer composite laminates. Composite Structures. 2021;276:114525. doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2021.114525
  21. Vinod A, Tengsuthiwat J, Gowda Y, Vijay R, Sanjay MR, Siengchin S, et al. Jute/Hemp bio-epoxy hybrid bio-composites: Influence of stacking sequence on adhesion of fiber-matrix. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives. 2022;113:103050. doi:10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2021.103050
  22. Petrucci R, Santulli C, Puglia D, Sarasini F, Torre L, Kenny JM. Mechanical characterisation of hybrid composite laminates based on basalt fibres in combination with flax, hemp and glass fibres manufactured by vacuum infusion. Materials & Design. 2013;49:728-735. doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2013.02.014
  23. JOURNAL OF POLYMER AND COMPOSITES. doi:10.37591/jopc
  24. Venkatesh B, Gandhimathi G, Nagabhooshanam N, Raghu Babu G, S D DB, Kishore KL, et al. Effect of submicron pore sized waste coffee emesis biochar on glass–epoxy composite thermal interface material. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery. 2024;15(3):4503-4512. doi:10.1007/s13399-024-05558-6
  25. Kishore KL, Padal KTB, Raju DR. Experimental Investigations of Microstructural and Mechanical Behaviour of Aluminium Alloy 7075 Hybrid Nanocomposites. Composites Theory And Practice. 2023;23(4):226-234. doi:10.62753/ctp.2023.07.4.4
  26. Palanisamy S, Kalimuthu M, Azeez A, Palaniappan M, Dharmalingam S, Nagarajan R, et al. Wear Properties and Post-Moisture Absorption Mechanical Behavior of Kenaf/Banana-Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Composites. Fibers. 2022;10(4):32. doi:10.3390/fib10040032
  27. Palanisamy S, Kalimuthu M, Santulli C, Palaniappan M, Nagarajan R, Fragassa C. Tailoring Epoxy Composites with Acacia caesia Bark Fibers: Evaluating the Effects of Fiber Amount and Length on Material Characteristics. Fibers. 2023;11(7):63. doi:10.3390/fib11070063
  28. Palanisamy S, Kalimuthu M, Palaniappan M, Alavudeen A, Rajini N, Santulli C, et al. Characterization of Acacia caesia Bark Fibers (ACBFs). Journal of Natural Fibers. 2021;19(15):10241-10252. doi:10.1080/15440478.2021.1993493
  29. Palanisamy S, Mayandi K, Palaniappan M, Alavudeen A, Rajini N, Vannucchi de Camargo F, et al. Mechanical Properties of Phormium Tenax Reinforced Natural Rubber Composites. Fibers. 2021;9(2):11. doi:10.3390/fib9020011
  30. Karthik, A., Bhuvaneshwaran, M., Senthil Kumar, M.S., Palanisamy, S., Palaniappan, M., & Ayrilmis, N. (2024). A Review on Surface Modification of Plant Fibers for Enhancing Properties of Biocomposites. ChemistrySelect.
  31. Palaniappan M, Palanisamy S, Khan R, H.Alrasheedi N, Tadepalli S, Murugesan TM, et al. Synthesis and suitability characterization of microcrystalline cellulose from Citrus x sinensis sweet orange peel fruit waste-based biomass for polymer composite applications. Journal of Polymer Research. 2024;31(4). doi:10.1007/s10965-024-03946-0
Support