STM Journals Peer-reviewed research from Consortium e-Learning Network

Journal of Polymer & Composites Original Research Special issue Open Access

Dielectric Properties of Reduced Graphene Oxide with Nickel Cobalt Ferrite and Nickel Zinc Ferrite Epoxy Nanocomposites

  1. Manuel George1* Department of Mechanical Engineering
  2. P.P. George Department of Basic Sciences

Abstract

In this work, two systems of the composite were prepared using NiCoFe and NiZnFe with reduced graphene oxide(rGO) epoxy and the samples were subjected to electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The Quality factor and loss tangent values of the composite was found out as a function of frequency. The modified ferrite-graphene-epoxy blends show dielectric loss and Quality factor values at low frequency. The incorporation of graphene aims to improve electrical conductivity, while the magnetic nanoparticles contribute to enhanced dielectric permittivity. The fabrication process involves the dispersion of these nanofillers within the epoxy matrix, followed by thorough characterization of the resulting nanocomposites using techniques such as impedance spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. NiZnFe-rGO obtained higher Quality factor in the intermediate concentration at higher frequencies but the loss tangent obtained least in the higher frequency range. The dielectric loss was least with NiCoFe-rGO which is due to the decrease of grain size at the same time dielectric loss was high for NiZnFe-rGO. Thus, a synergistic effect obtained with multifunctional fillers on the dielectric constant, dielectric loss, and electrical conductivity of the nanocomposites. The study aims to provide insights into the tailored design of advanced dielectric materials for applications in electronic devices, capacitors, and electromagnetic shielding, exploiting the unique properties of graphene and magnetic nanoparticles in epoxy nanocomposites

Keywords

References (38)

  1. Azeez AA, Rhee KY, Park SJ, Hui D. Epoxy clay nanocomposites – processing, properties and applications: A review. Composites Part B: Engineering. 2013;45(1):308-320. doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2012.04.012
  2. Shukur MF, Majid NA, Ithnin R, Kadir MFZ. Effect of plasticization on the conductivity and dielectric properties of starch–chitosan blend biopolymer electrolytes infused with NH4Br. Physica Scripta. 2013;T157:014051. doi:10.1088/0031-8949/2013/t157/014051
  3. Bementa E, Jothi Rajan MA, Gnanadass ES. Effect of Prolonged Duration of Gelatinization in Starch and Incorporation with Potassium Iodide on the Enhancement of Ionic Conductivity. Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering. 2017;56(15):1632-1645. doi:10.1080/03602559.2017.1289392
  4. George M, Mohanty A. Investigation of mechanical properties of graphene decorated with graphene quantum dot‐reinforced epoxy nanocomposite. Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 2019;137(19). doi:10.1002/app.48680
  5. W. Tavernier, K., Varlow, B. R. & Auckland, “Electrical tree modelling in non-linear insulation. Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena,” Annu. Rep. Atlanta, USA. IEEEe.
  6. Joshi GM, Deshmukh K. Study of conjugated polymer/graphene oxide nanocomposites as flexible dielectric medium. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics. 2015;27(4):3397-3409. doi:10.1007/s10854-015-4172-z
  7. Anandraj J, Joshi GM. Fabrication, performance and applications of integrated nanodielectric properties of materials – a review. Composite Interfaces. 2017;25(5-7):455-489. doi:10.1080/09276440.2017.1361717
  8. Henk PO, Kortsen TW, Kvarts T. Increasing the Electrical Discharge Endurance of Acid Anhydride Cured DGEBA Epoxy Resin by Dispersion of Nanoparticle Silica. High Performance Polymers. 1999;11(3):281-296. doi:10.1088/0954-0083/11/3/304
  9. Sun, R. Zhang, Z. Wang, E. Cao, Y. Zhang, and L. Ju, “Microstructure, dielectric properties and impedance spectroscopy of Ni doped CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics,” RSC Adv., vol. 6, no. 61, pp. 55984–55989, 2016, doi:10.1039/c6ra07726a.
  10. Jancar, D. Suvorov, M. Valant, and G. Drazic, “Characterization of CaTiO 3 -NdAlO 3 dielectric ceramics,” vol. 23, pp. 1391–1400, 2003.
  11. Murugesan, R. Nithya, S. Kalainathan, and S. Hussain, “High temperature dielectric relaxation anomalies in Ca0.9Nd0.1Ti0.9Al0.1O3-δ single crystals,” RSC Adv., vol. 5, no. 96, pp. 78414–78421, 2015, doi:10.1039/c5ra15876a.
  12. Lewis TJ. Nano-Composite Dielectrics: The Dielectric Nature of the Nano-Particle Environment. IEEJ Transactions on Fundamentals and Materials. 2006;126(11):1020-1030. doi:10.1541/ieejfms.126.1020
  13. Hallouet B, Desclaux P, Wetzel B, Schlarb AK, Pelster R. Analysing dielectric interphases in composites containing nano- and micro-particles. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics. 2009;42(6):064004. doi:10.1088/0022-3727/42/6/064004
  14. Sabu M, Bementa E, Jaya Vinse Ruban Y, Ginil Mon S. A novel analysis of the dielectric properties of hybrid epoxy composites. Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials. 2020;3(3):325-335. doi:10.1007/s42114-020-00166-0
  15. Cheng Y, Yu G, Yu B, Zhang X. The Research of Conductivity and Dielectric Properties of ZnO/LDPE Composites with Different Particles Size. Materials. 2020;13(18):4136. doi:10.3390/ma13184136
  16. Zhang X, Le MQ, Zahhaf O, Capsal JF, Cottinet PJ, Petit L. Enhancing dielectric and piezoelectric properties of micro-ZnO/PDMS composite-based dielectrophoresis. Materials & Design. 2020;192:108783. doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2020.108783
  17. Marcano DC, Kosynkin DV, Berlin JM, Sinitskii A, Sun Z, Slesarev A, et al. Improved Synthesis of Graphene Oxide. ACS Nano. 2010;4(8):4806-4814. doi:10.1021/nn1006368
  18. Lakshmi NV, Tambe P. EMI shielding effectiveness of graphene decorated with graphene quantum dots and silver nanoparticles reinforced PVDF nanocomposites. Composite Interfaces. 2017;24(9):861-882. doi:10.1080/09276440.2017.1302202
  19. Maaz K, Khalid W, Mumtaz A, Hasanain SK, Liu J, Duan JL. Magnetic characterization of Co1−xNixFe2O4 (0⩽x⩽1) nanoparticles prepared by co-precipitation route. Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures. 2009;41(4):593-599. doi:10.1016/j.physe.2008.10.009
  20. Kumar PSA, Shrotri JJ, Kulkarni SD, Deshpande CE, Date SK. Low temperature synthesis of Ni0.8Zn0.2Fe2O4 powder and its characterization. Materials Letters. 1996;27(6):293-296. doi:10.1016/0167-577x(96)00010-9
  21. Yang R, Wang B, Xiang J, Mu C, Zhang C, Wen F, et al. Fabrication of NiCo2-Anchored Graphene Nanosheets by Liquid-Phase Exfoliation for Excellent Microwave Absorbers. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces. 2017;9(14):12673-12679. doi:10.1021/acsami.6b16144
  22. Rashad MM, Elsayed EM, Moharam MM, Abou-Shahba RM, Saba AE. Structure and magnetic properties of NixZn1−xFe2O4 nanoparticles prepared through co-precipitation method. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2009;486(1-2):759-767. doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.07.051
  23. Singh C, Goyal A, Singhal S. Nickel-doped cobalt ferrite nanoparticles: efficient catalysts for the reduction of nitroaromatic compounds and photo-oxidative degradation of toxic dyes. Nanoscale. 2014;6(14):7959-7970. doi:10.1039/c4nr01730g
  24. J. C., “Ferroelectrics: An Introduction to the Physical Principles.,” Van Nostrand-Reinbold, London..
  25. Dhanumalayan E, Kaleemulla S. Enhanced structure, dielectric, and thermal properties of attapulgite clay and hexagonal boron nitride admixture loaded polymer blends. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics. 2020;31(20):17828-17842. doi:10.1007/s10854-020-04337-z
  26. Dhanumalayan E, Joshi GM. Quality factor of potassium hexa-titanate oxide ceramic reinforced polymer blends for broad band applications. AIP Conference Proceedings. 2018;1992:030006. doi:10.1063/1.5047957
  27. Ahmad Z., “Polymer dielectric materials,” Mater. (IntechOpen, London).
  28. Liang E.C., “Microwave J.,” vol. 58(2), p..
  29. Koh JCH, Ahmad ZA, Mohamad AA. Bacto agar-based gel polymer electrolyte. Ionics. 2011;18(4):359-364. doi:10.1007/s11581-011-0631-6
  30. Nayak, T. Badapanda, A. K. Singh, and S. Panigrahi, “An approach for correlating the structural and electrical properties of Zr4+-modified SrBi4Ti4O15/SBT ceramic,” RSC Adv., vol. 7, no. 27, pp. 16319–16331, 2017, doi:10.1039/c7ra00366h.
  31. Rayssi, S. El Kossi, J. Dhahri, and K. Khirouni, “Frequency and temperature-dependence of dielectric permittivity and electric modulus studies of the solid solution Ca0.85Er0.1Ti1-: XCo4 x /3O3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.1),” RSC Adv., vol. 8, no. 31, pp. 17139–17150, 2018, doi:10.1039/c8ra00794b.
  32. Rayssi C, Rhouma FIH, Dhahri J, Khirouni K, Zaidi M, Belmabrouk H. Structural, electric and dielectric properties of Ca0.85Er0.1Ti1−xCo4x/3O3(0 ≤ x ≤ 0.1). Applied Physics A. 2017;123(12). doi:10.1007/s00339-017-1365-8
  33. Velhal NB, Patil ND, Shelke AR, Deshpande NG, Puri VR. Structural, dielectric and magnetic properties of nickel substituted cobalt ferrite nanoparticles: Effect of nickel concentration. AIP Advances. 2015;5(9). doi:10.1063/1.4931908
  34. Hee AC, Metselaar IHSC, Johan MR, Mehrali M. Preparation of Nickel Zinc Ferrite by Electrophoretic Deposition. Journal of The Electrochemical Society. 2011;159(1):E18-E22. doi:10.1149/2.068201jes
  35. George M, Pratheesh K, Mohanty A, Suresh N, Varghese T, Sunny R, et al. Thermal and magnetic properties study of NiCo2O4/graphene and NiFe2O4/graphene. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2023;72:2921-2927. doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2022.07.457
  36. Wang W, Yang Y. The Synergistic Effects of the Micro and Nano Particles in Micro-nano Composites on Enhancing the Resistance to Electrical Tree Degradation. Scientific Reports. 2017;7(1). doi:10.1038/s41598-017-08761-w
  37. Tang et al., “Temperature effects on the dielectric properties and breakdown performance of h-BN/epoxy composites,” Materials (Basel)., vol. 12, no. 24, 2019, doi:10.3390/ma1224112.
  38. Yang, X. Huang, Y. Huang, L. Xie, and P. Jiang, “Polymerization : Toward Ferroelectric Polymer Nanocomposites with,” Chem. Mater., vol. 25, pp. 2327–2338, 2013.
Support