Nanoparticle Synthesis and Assessment of Toxicological Effects on Drosophila Melanogaster: A Review

Kaustubh Tripathi; Lavi Jain; Chitra Yadav Yadav; Sandeep Sirohi Sirohi

Abstract

Nanoparticles are widely used for many decades now, in various fields like medicine, health, drug delivery, etc. It is observed that nanoparticles synthesized using physical or chemical methods possess toxic nature when exposed to a biological system. To overcome the harmful effects of nanoparticles a more eco-friendly approach known as green synthesis was applied during recent decades. In the green synthesis approach, biological entities are used for the production of nanoparticles. Green synthesized nanoparticles exhibit very little or no toxicity as compared to nanoparticles synthesized using physical or chemical methods. Silver and gold nanoparticles are widely used as they haveapplications in various fields like medical, pharmacological, biotechnology, etc. The eco-friendly method for the synthesis of AgNPs and AuNPs is used to obtain non-toxic nanoparticles but some toxicity is still present which becomes harmful when consumed or exposed to living organisms in bulk. For toxicological studies of nanoparticles, fruit flies are used as a model organism due to their superfluous advantages like short life span, distinguishable characters, and easy to study many generations. 60% of human cancer-associated genes and other diseases are found in DNA which adds to another reason for Drosophila being a perfect model organism for nanotoxicity studies.

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