20 publications
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Groundwater Contamination in Punjab Due to High Levels of Nitrate (NO3 - ) and Its Health Hazards: A Preliminary ReportBy Hardev Singh Virk
Abstract: Punjab is facing a crisis due to high levels of heavy metals and nitrate concentration in groundwater of several districts of Punjab. The highest level of NO3 content of 2553 mg/l has been recorded in two villages of Patiala district. The concentration of NO3 in groundwater of seven districts of Punjab has been studied. The maximum content values range from 78.20 in Pathankot to 2553 mg/l in Patiala district, which …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology · Vol. 12, Issue 3, 2022 · pp. 18–26 Read article →
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Soil Gas Radon Concentration in a Residential Area of Surrey (BC) Canada using LR-115 type II Plastic DetectorBy Hardev Singh Virk
Abstract: Soil gas radon concentration measurement studies have been carried out globally to determine the health hazard effects of radon due to its seepage in indoor air of dwellings. It is a useful parameter for geochemical exploration of Uranium and earthquake precursory studies. Most of the countries, including Canada, have designed building codes to reduce the radon entry indoors. The purpose of this study is to determine radon concentration in a …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology · Vol. 12, Issue 3, 2022 · pp. 1–6 Read article →
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Measurement of Indoor Radon Concentration in a Residential House of Surrey (BC) Canada using LR-115 type II Plastic DetectorBy Hardev Singh Virk
Abstract: Indoor radon concentration activity measurement has been considered as a useful parameter in evaluation of health hazards due to radon. The major health hazard is lung cancer attributable to radon in Canada which causes 16% of total lung cancer deaths. The purpose of this study is to determine indoor radon concentration (Bq/m3) and effective annual dose (mSv/yr) in a residential building. Plastic detector LR-115 Type II has been used for …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology · Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2022 · pp. 21–29 Read article →
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Radon Estimation in Some Lakes and Fraser River Water of British Columbia, Canada using LR-115 Type II Alpha Track DetectorBy Hardev Singh Virk, Jasmine Virk
Abstract: Radon activity levels were measured in the five Lakes and Fraser River water samples collected from different locations of British Columbia in Canada. The purpose of this study was to compare Radon activity levels in all six sources of water. Water was collected in air tight bottles and stored for two weeks before investigation. LR-115 Type II nuclear track detectors of 1.2 cm2 were used for recording radon alpha tracks. …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology · Vol. 12, Issue 1, 2022 · pp. 1–8 Read article →
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Uranium and Heavy Metal Contamination of Sirhind Canal Water and Groundwater in the Malwa Belt of Punjab and its Mitigation StrategiesBy Savneet Kaur Kailley, Hardev Singh Virk
Abstract: Inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICPMS) has been used to measure the Uranium and heavy metals content of the Sirhind canal water and ground water samples of adjoining villages of the collection points along the canal. The aim of this study is to propose mitigation strategies for Uranium in the groundwater of Malwa belt. The uranium and heavy metal content of the water samples collected at the five different locations …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology · Vol. 10, Issue 1, 2020 · pp. 34–41 Read article →
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Groundwater Contamination in Punjab due to Arsenic, Selenium and Uranium Heavy MetalsBy Hardev Singh Virk
Abstract: Punjab is facing a crisis situation due to high levels of heavy metals in underground water table of Punjab. ICAR has reported arsenic beyond safe limit in 13 districts of Punjab. According to PWSSD report, out of all arsenic contaminated habitations in Punjab, 60% fall in Majha belt of Punjab, namely, Amritsar, Gurdaspur and Tarn Taran districts. Arsenic contamination can be get rid of by using a nanotechnology based technique …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology · Vol. 10, Issue 1, 2020 · pp. 1–7 Read article →
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Heavy Metals Contamination of Groundwater in Patiala District of Punjab State, IndiaBy Hardev Singh Virk
Abstract: Punjab is facing a crisis situation due to high levels of uranium (U), especially in Malwa belt, along with heavy metals in underground water table of Punjab in selected districts both in Malwa and Majha belts. Department of Water Supply and Sanitation (DWSS), Punjab report on Water Quality Monitoring and Mitigation presents a deplorable situation about the current water quality scenario in Punjab. Nearly 50% habitations are found to be …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology · Vol. 9, Issue 3, 2019 · pp. 34–42 Read article →
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Groundwater Contamination due to Heavy Metals and other Pollutants in Amritsar District of PunjabBy Hardev Singh Virk
Abstract: Punjab is facing a crisis situation due to high levels of uranium (U) and heavy metals in the underground water table of Punjab. Department of Water Supply and Sanitation (DWSS), Punjab report on water quality monitoring and mitigation presents a deplorable situation about the current water quality scenario in Punjab. Out of a total of 874 habitations covered under this survey, 378 are found to be quality affected due to …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology · Vol. 9, Issue 3, 2019 · pp. 19–28 Read article →
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Uranium Content Anomalies in Groundwater of Moga District of Malwa Belt of Punjab (India) for the Assessment of Excess Cancer RiskBy Hardev Singh Virk
Abstract: Inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICPMS) has been used to measure the Uranium (U) content of the ground water samples of Moga district of Malwa belt of Punjab, India. Out of the total number of habitations covered under this survey, 203 were having U content more than 30 ppb (WHO safe limit). Out of 203 habitations, we sorted out 56 with U concentration of more than 100 ppb in groundwater. …
Published in Research and Reviews: Journal of Oncology and Hematology · Vol. 8, Issue 3, 2019 · pp. 18–24 Read article →
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Groundwater Contamination of Amritsar District of Punjab due to Heavy Metals Iron and Arsenic and its MitigationBy Hardev Singh Virk
Abstract: Punjab is facing a crisis situation due to high levels of heavy metals in underground water table of Punjab. ICAR has reported arsenic beyond safe limit in 13 districts of Punjab. According to PWSSD report, the highest number of qualities affected (QA) habitations due to arsenic and iron fall under the geographical area of Amritsar district in Punjab. In this survey, groundwater quality data pertaining to arsenic and iron is …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology · Vol. 9, Issue 2, 2019 · pp. 18–27 Read article →
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Uranium Content Anomalies in Groundwater of Patiala District of Punjab (India) for the Assessment of Excess Cancer RiskBy Hardev Singh Virk
Abstract: Inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICPMS) has been used to measure the uranium content of ground water samples of Patiala district of Punjab (India). Out of total 810 habitations covered under this survey, 94 were having uranium content equal or more than 30 ppb (safe limit of the World Health Organization). The aim of this study was to investigate the uranium content of groundwater in the Patiala district of Punjab …
Published in Research and Reviews: Journal of Oncology and Hematology · Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2019 · pp. 13–19 Read article →
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Selenium Contamination of Groundwater of Doaba Belt of Punjab (India)By Hardev Singh Virk
Abstract: Punjab is facing a crisis situation due to high levels of uranium, arsenic and selenium in underground water table of Punjab. Doaba belt of Punjab, namely, Jallandhar, Kapurthala and Hoshiarpur districts have high selenium contents in groundwater. Selenium Acceptable limit (AL) for groundwater is fixed at 0.01 mg/l (ppm) by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). In this report, groundwater quality data pertaining to selenium in the Doaba belt is …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 1–8 Read article →
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Selenium Contamination of Groundwater of Malwa Belt of Punjab (India)By Hardev Singh Virk
Abstract: Punjab is facing a crisis situation due to high levels of uranium, arsenic and selenium in underground water table of Punjab. Malwa belt of Punjab, namely, Ludhiana, Ferozepur, Roop Nagar and Fatehgarh sahib districts have high selenium contents in groundwater. Selenium Acceptable Limit (AL) for groundwater is fixed at 0.01 mg/l (ppm) by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). In this report, groundwater quality data pertaining to selenium in the …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 13–20 Read article →
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Uranium Content Anomalies in Groundwater of Barnala District of Malwa Belt of Punjab (India) for the Assessment of Excess Cancer RiskBy Hardev Singh Virk
Abstract: Inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICPMS) has been used to measure the uranium content of the groundwater samples of Barnala district of Malwa belt of Punjab (India). Out of total 115 habitations covered under this survey, 110 are having uranium content more than 60 ppb (safe limit of AERB for India). The aim of this study is to investigate the uranium content of the groundwater in the Malwa belt of …
Published in Research and Reviews: Journal of Oncology and Hematology · Vol. 8, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 19–26 Read article →
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Uranium Content Anomalies in Groundwaters of Fazilka District of Punjab (India) for the Assessment of Excess Cancer RiskBy Hardev Singh Virk
Abstract: Inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICPMS) has been used to measure the uranium content of the ground water samples of Fazilka district of Malwa belt of Punjab (India). Out of total 217 habitations having more than 60 ppb of uranium (safe limit of AERB for India), 30 have been selected for the present investigation. The aim of this study is to investigate the uranium content of the ground water in …
Published in Research and Reviews: Journal of Oncology and Hematology · Vol. 6, Issue 2, 2017 · pp. 21–26 Read article →
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Selenium Contamination of Groundwater of Majha Belt of Punjab (India)By Hardev Singh Virk
Abstract: Punjab is facing a crisis situation due to high levels of heavy metals in the underground water table of Punjab. Majha belt of Punjab, namely, Amritsar, Gurdaspur and Tarn Taran districts have high Arsenic and Selenium contents in groundwater. In this preliminary report, groundwater quality data pertaining to Selenium is reported. Selenium Acceptable Limit (AL) for groundwater is fixed at 0.01 mg/l (ppm) by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology · Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2018 · pp. 1–7 Read article →
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Uranium Content Anomalies in Groundwaters of Ferozepur District of Punjab (India) and the Corresponding Risk FactorsBy Hardev Singh Virk
Abstract: Inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICPMS) has been used to measure the uranium content of the ground water samples of Ferozepur district of Malwa belt of Punjab (India). Out of total 390 habitations surveyed in Ferozepur district, 139 are having more than 30 ppb of uranium (WHO safe limit for drinking water), out of which 30 have been selected with U content > 80 ppb (60 ppb is the safe …
Published in Research and Reviews: Journal of Oncology and Hematology · Vol. 6, Issue 3, 2017 · pp. 18–24 Read article →
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A Preliminary Report on Groundwater Contamination of Majha Belt of Punjab due to Heavy Metal ArsenicBy Hardev Singh Virk
Abstract: Punjab is facing a crisis situation due to high levels of heavy metals in underground water table of Punjab. ICAR has reported arsenic beyond safe limit in 13 districts of Punjab. According to PWSSD report, there are 2748 habitations out of 6884 surveyed in Punjab, which fall under quality affected (QA) category (40% nearly). Out of all QA habitations in Punjab, 60% fall in Majha belt of Punjab, namely, Amritsar, …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology · Vol. 7, Issue 3, 2017 · pp. 27–33 Read article →
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Response to Comments on Uranium Content Anomalies in Groundwaters of Fazilka District of Punjab (India) for the Assessment of Excess Cancer RiskBy Hardev Singh Virk
Abstract: Excess cancer risk from the ingestion of natural Uranium from the drinking water has been calculated according to the standard method given by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). There is as yet no final conclusion regarding absorbed dose delivered to population over extended time periods. Most of the authors in India and abroad have used the Model calculations based on Linear No Threshold (LNT) for evaluating excess cancer …
Published in Research and Reviews: Journal of Oncology and Hematology · Vol. 6, Issue 3, 2017 · pp. 16–17 Read article →
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A Crisis Situation Due to Uranium and Heavy Metal Contamination of Ground Waters in Punjab State, India: A Preliminary ReportBy Hardev Singh Virk
Abstract: Punjab is facing a crisis situation due to high levels of uranium (U) and heavy metals in underground water table of Punjab. Uranium poisoning in Punjab first made news in March 2009, when a South African Clinical Metal Toxicologist, Carin Smit, visiting Faridkot city in Punjab found surprisingly high levels of uranium in 88% of the blood samples collected from the Baba Farid Centre for Special Children in the Malwa …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology · Vol. 7, Issue 2, 2017 · pp. 6–11 Read article →