magnetorheological elastomer

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• Published Open access Original Research 8 Oct 2025

  Influence of Carbonyl Iron Particle Loading on the Dimensional and Rheological Properties of 4D-Printed TPU-Based Magnetorheological Elastomers

  By Ahmad Fitri Sukarman, Norasyidah Mohd Noh, Nurulhuda Khalid, Saiful Amri Mazlan, Mohd Aidy Faizal Johari, Muhammad Farhan Mohamad Fitri, Shahir Mohd Yusuf, Nur Azmah Nordin, Abdul Yasser Abd Fatah

  Abstract: The advancement of 4D printing technologies has created new opportunities for fabricating smart materials with tunable properties, including magnetorheological elastomers (MREs). This study investigates the fabrication and characterization of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)-based MREs with varying carbonyl iron particle (CIP) loadings (10–50 wt.%) using the fused filament fabrication (FFF) method. MRE filaments were produced through a solvent-assisted mixing and extrusion process, ensuring consistent diameters within 1.75 ± 0.10 mm. Test specimens …

  Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 6, 2025 · pp. 127–138 Read article →

• Published Open access Original Research 1 Sep 2025

  Effect of Carbonyl Iron Particle Concentration on The Printability and Stiffness of Magnetorheological Elastomer Filaments

  By Khairul Anwar Abdul Kadir, Nor Fairuz Hayati Amir, Nur Raihana Sukri, Wan Nur Atiqah Mior Hamdan, Saiful Amri Mazlan, Nur Azmah Nordin, Mohd Aidy Faizal Johari

  Abstract: Magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) are increasingly valued for their field-responsive mechanical properties, making them ideal for adaptive components in automotive, aerospace, and vibration control systems. However, conventional mould-based fabrication methods limit design flexibility, produce excess material waste, and are unsuitable for complex or customized geometries caused challenges that have hindered broader industrial adoption. Although 3D printing offers a compelling alternative, research on printable MRE filaments remains limited, particularly regarding how carbonyl …

  Published in Journal of Polymer & Composites · Vol. 13, Issue 5, 2025 · pp. 310–317 Read article →