group III elements

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• Published Subscription Review Article 3 Apr 2025

  Configuration and Properties of Group III Elements in the Periodic Table

  By Ukpaka Chukwuemeka Peter, Joy Chukwuemeka Peter Ukpaka, Victor Chukwuemeka Ukpaka, Abraham Peter Ukpaka

  Abstract: Group III elements comprise those found in the third column of the periodic table, including boron, aluminum, gallium, indium, and thallium. These elements possess three valence electrons in their outermost shell, characterized by the electron configuration ns2np1, which influences their location and characteristics within the periodic table. The distribution of electron pairs, formal charges, oxidation states, and molecular morphologies of Group III elements and their compounds are illustrated in this …

  Published in Journal of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering · Vol. 15, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 23–30 Read article →

• Published Subscription Original Research 31 Oct 2024

  Approach to Examine the Effect of Atomic Number on Single – Electron System of Group III Elements

  By Ukpaka C.P., Abraham Peter Ukpaka, Victor Chukwuemeka Ukpaka

  Abstract: This study investigates the ionization energy, kinetic energy, and mass relationships among Group III elements (Boron, Aluminum, Gallium, Indium, and Thallium) to provide a comprehensive understanding of their atomic and physical properties. A detailed analysis of ionization energy trends reveals that Boron exhibits the highest ionization energy, while Thallium has the lowest, consistent with periodic trends influenced by increasing atomic radius and electron shielding. Gallium deviates slightly from this trend …

  Published in International Journal of Crystalline Materials · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 01–09 Read article →