biochemical effects

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• Published Subscription Review Article 2 Jun 2026

  Pharmacodynamics and Drug–Receptor Interactions: Integrating PK/PD Modeling with Modern Drug Development

  By Aayush K. Ramraje, Vilas K. Patil, Avinash V. Kapure, Dhiraj R. Girase, Akshata M. Girase, Bhupendra M. Mahale, Ghanshyam M. Chavan

  Abstract: Understanding drug action requires an integrated perspective of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics, which together determine therapeutic efficacy and safety. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms underlying drug action, with particular emphasis on drug–receptor interactions and their role in modulating physiological responses. Drugs exert their effects primarily through interactions with specific biological targets, including receptors, enzymes, ion channels, and transporters, resulting in a spectrum of desired and adverse outcomes. …

  Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Pharmacology · Vol. 16, Issue 2, 2026 Read article →