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1 article for “intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD)”
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An Experimental Analysis on Enhancement of Electric Vehicle Safety using ADAS Technology and Forward Collision Avoidance with an Automatic Braking System
Abstract: The rapid expansion of the automobile sector in developing nations has intensified road safety concerns, particularly in congested urban environments where human error accounts for approximately 90% of all accidents. This paper presents and experimentally validates an integrated Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) for electric vehicles comprising three complementary safety modules: a Forward Collision Avoidance System (FCAS) employing an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor interfaced with an Arduino Uno R3 to detect …
Published in Journal of Automobile Engineering and Applications · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 20–30 Read article