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32 articles for “embedded cost methods”
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Evaluation of Embedded Cost and Distribution Factor Methods Used in Deregulated Electricity Market
Abstract: This paper presents and analyses several methods for embedded cost allocation in deregulated electricity market environment. In this paper six embedded cost methods (postage stamp method, contract path method, MW-Mile, MW-cost, MVA-Mile, and MVA-cost) are evaluated and tested on 6-Bus test system subjected to two bilateral wheeling transaction. The charges obtained from the different embedded cost methods are then compared. Two tracing methods generalized generation distribution factor and generalized load …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Embedded System & Applications · Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2013 · pp. 10–18 Read article
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Spectroscopic and Electrical Studies of Conducting Polyaniline Composites Embedded Nanostructure Zinc Sulfide
Abstract: Simple and low-cost chemical precipitation method was used for the synthesis of ZnS nanoparticles using zinc precursor and DMF as a stabilizing agent. Na2S was used as the source of sulphur ions. Composites of polyaniline and ZnS nanoparticles have been synthesized by in-situ chemical oxidation method by varying weight percentage of synthesized ZnS nanoparticles with aniline monomer. Optical studies in terms of UV-Vis and fluorescence show the positive effect of …
Published in Journal of Nanoscience, NanoEngineering & Applications · Vol. 2, Issue 3, 2012 · pp. 25–32 Read article
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Using C++ Efficiently In Embedded Applications
Abstract: Moving to C++ displays chances to higher programmer. Gainfulness. Those prerequisites for inserted systems, however. Interest that the selection of C++ a chance to be precisely measured to the. Execution sways of run-time costochondritis exhibit done C++, yet the entire not previously, c. This banter prescribes methodologies for developers who would begin their.Cite this ArticleSuchitra Dhamu. Using C++ efficiently in embedded applications. Journal of Embedded Sytems and Applications. 2015; 3(3): …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Embedded System & Applications · Vol. 3, Issue 3, 2015 · pp. 8–12 Read article
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AutoGen Bike: A Self-Sustaining Smart Electric Bike with Integrated AI Safety Systems
Abstract: This is the paper which gives the information about the self-sustaining electric bike. This also tells the idea about how energy is produced during its usage. The “Auto gen bike” is the most useful aspect that can change the future of the electric bikes. This also helps in the conservation of natural resources and nature. This also helps in the accidents happening to the two-wheel vehicle. This is achieved by …
Published in Journal of Automobile Engineering and Applications · Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 41–49 Read article
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Economics of Fish Production and Marketing: A Case Study of Madhubani District in Bihar
Abstract: Fish farming is a vital source of livelihood, income, and nutritional security, especially in regions where aquaculture is embedded in local economies and culture. In India’s Mithila region (Bihar), fish (machh) holds substantial cultural, economic, and nutritional significance. This research analyzes the economics of pond-based fish production in Madhubani district, focusing on Benipatti Block, an area with high pond density. The study investigates determinants of productivity, profitability, and resource utilization, …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology · Vol. 15, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 101–115 Read article
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Energizing Streets: A Feasible Solution for Electric Vehicles
Abstract: Energy is the basic demand for the evolution of the advanced globe. The energy extracted from force is called potential energy which has visually no fuel expense. Thus, utilization of this energy can reduce the overall cost and can increase the output productivity. This project utilizes the force created from vehicle hump as an alternative and recyclable energy source. Electricity is generated by substituting the conventional speed breakers with a …
Published in Journal of Alternate Energy Sources & Technologies · Vol. 9, Issue 2, 2018 · pp. 62–68 Read article
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A Review on Arduino Based Distance Measurement Device
Abstract: Distance measurement plays a vital role in modern engineering applications such as robotics, defense systems, automotive safety, industrial automation, and assistive technologies. Traditional measuring tools such as rulers and measuring tapes are simple but not suitable for real-time and dynamic environments. On the other hand, advanced technologies such as LiDAR and radar provide high accuracy but involve high cost and complex implementation. This review paper provides a thorough analysis of …
Published in Journal of VLSI Design Tools and Technology · Vol. 16, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 40–46 Read article
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Real-Time Driver Drowsiness Detection and Alert Module Using Arduino
Abstract: Driver fatigue is one of the leading reasons behind road accidents because it reduces driver attention, slows reaction time, and affects decision-making ability while driving. To address this issue, a real-time fatigue detection and alert system has been developed using Arduino-based embedded technology. The proposed framework continuously monitors the driver’s eye activity with the help of an infrared eye blink sensor, which detects eyelid movement and eye closure patterns during …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Embedded System & Applications · Vol. 14, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 34–42 Read article
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Embedded Systems and Software Challenges in Electric Vehicles
Abstract: The embedded systems architectures and software design methodologies used in the industry must undergo a major paradigm shift to accommodate the creation of electric vehicles. That is, automobiles with traditional systems. It is becoming increasingly clear that the evolutionary strategy of replacing an automobile’s internal combustion engine with an electric motor will be unable to address critical issues such as reasonable vehicle range, battery lifetime performance, battery management techniques, costs, …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Embedded System & Applications · Vol. 10, Issue 3, 2022 · pp. 25–40 Read article
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A Gui Model for the Encryption and Decryption of an Image
Abstract: Digital watermarking is the processing of combined information into a digital signal. A watermark is a secondary image, which is overlaid on the host image, and provides a means of protecting the image. It acts as a digital signature, giving the image a sense of ownership or authenticity. Digital watermarking technique is very impressive for image authentication or protection for attacks. This paper proposes a separable reversible data hiding in …
Published in Recent Trends in Electronics Communication Systems · Vol. 2, Issue 3, 2015 · pp. 47–54 Read article
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Embedded Solution for Real-Time Traffic Light System Using PIC Microcontroller
Abstract: This paper is an attempt to provide a solution to the problems faced by real-time traffic light system. The problems encountered are fixed timing; vehicles waiting unnecessary for long time in case of no traffic or less traffic; delay in pedestrian crossing; and in case of system failure the mode of operation is difficult and replacement cost is high. This paper has provided a cost-effective and more efficient solution to …
Published in Journal of Microcontroller Engineering and Applications · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2015 · pp. 8–13 Read article
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Sustainable Food Packaging: Recent Advances in Biodegradable and Smart Packaging Technologies
Abstract: Fish farming is a vital source of livelihood, income, and nutritional security, especially in regions where aquaculture is embedded in local economies and culture. In India’s Mithila region (Bihar), fish (machh) holds substantial cultural, economic, and nutritional significance. This research analyzes the economics of pond-based fish production in Madhubani district, focusing on Benipatti Block, an area with high pond density. The study investigates determinants of productivity, profitability, and resource utilization, …
Published in Research & Reviews : Journal of Food Science & Technology · Vol. 15, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 59–68 Read article
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Automatic Bluetooth Controlled Shutter System Using Microcontroller and Mobile Application
Abstract: Automation has become an essential part of modern engineering system. Manual shutter systems used in shops, garages, and industries require physical effort and time. To overcome these limitations, wireless control systems using Bluetooth technology have been developed. Bluetooth-based automation systems allow communication between smartphones and embedded systems. These systems are widely used due to their low cost, low power consumption, and ease of integration. This paper focuses on designing a …
Published in International Journal of Electronics Automation · Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
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A Review on Automatic Railway Gate Control System
Abstract: Railway transportation is one of the most efficient and widely used modes of transport; however, safety at level crossings remains a critical issue, especially at unmanned or manually operated gates. A significant number of accidents happen as a result of human carelessness, insufficient coordination, and postponed gate operations. To address these issues, the Automatic Railway Gate Control System has been created as a viable solution to improve safety and minimize …
Published in Journal of Control & Instrumentation · Vol. 17, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 1–7 Read article
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Power Estimation Approach for Artix 7 FPGA using Machine Learning Technique
Abstract: Abstract This paper presents the power estimation approach using a suitable machine learning technique. Artix7 FPGA has been chosen as the target FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Arrays) platform for understanding the methodology of power estimation. There are various approaches of power estimation for FPGAs that have been given in the literature viz. probabilistic, statistical, and LUT-based, etc. In the past few years, the demand for hand-handled devices like smartphones, tabs, …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Embedded System & Applications · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2021 · pp. 1–5 Read article
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ADAPTIVE STREET ILLUMINATION SYSTEM WITH ENERGY HARVESTING
Abstract: This paper presents an Adaptive Street Illumination System with Energy Harvesting, developed using an Arduino Uno microcontroller, Light Dependent Resistor (LDR), Infrared (IR) motion sensors, and piezoelectric transducers. The system addresses the significant energy wastage of conventional street lighting by activating LEDs only when motion is detected during nighttime. The LDR detects ambient light to determine day or night conditions, while IR sensors identify the presence of vehicles or pedestrians. …
Published in International Journal of Electronics Automation · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2026 Read article
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Brain And Gesture Controlled Assistive System For Physically Challenged Individuals
Abstract: Assistive communication technologies are essential for improving the independence of individuals with physical and sensory disabilities. This paper presents the design and implementation of a multimodal assistive system that integrates brain signal acquisition and gesture recognition for real- time communication. The system utilizes an Electroencephalography (EEG) sensor to capture neural activity and a PAJ7620 gesture sensor along with an ADXL335 accelerometer to detect hand movements. The acquired signals are processed …
Published in Recent Trends in Sensor Research & Technology · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 36–43 Read article
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Decentralized Voting System Using Blockchain Technology
Abstract: Ethereum is a virtual currency that emerged in the aftermath of the financial crisis. It allows people to bypass banks and traditional payment processes to pay for goods and services. The technology on which ethereum works is of great interest to us. It is called the Blockchain. Blockchain is a continuously growing list of records, which are linked and secured using cryptographic methods. It allows its users the flexibility to …
Published in Research & Reviews: A Journal of Embedded System & Applications · Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2020 · pp. 15–20 Read article
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A Review on Two-Wheeled Self-Balancing Robot Using Spartan-3E FPGA for Sensor Fusion and Real-Time Motor Control
Abstract: Two-wheeled self-balancing robots (TWSBR) are a popular application of embedded control and robotics because they operate on the inverted pendulum concept, which is naturally unstable. The main objective of such robots is to continuously maintain balance by estimating the tilt angle and applying corrective motor action in real time. In most practical systems, low-cost inertial sensors such as accelerometers and gyroscopes are used for tilt measurement. However, accelerometer readings are …
Published in Journal of VLSI Design Tools and Technology · Vol. 16, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 17–27 Read article
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Advancements in Battery Storage Technology for Renewable Energy Systems: Improving Reliability and Efficiency of Sustainable Energy
Abstract: Advances in battery storage technology are critical to improved reliability and efficiency of renewable energy systems, underpinning a sustainable energy future. Innovations exist in many different kinds of battery technologies- being developed and tested, and the leading contenders include innovations such as lithium-ion and sodium-ion, and much newer entrants like the solid-state and lithium-sulfur batteries. These developments respond to growing needs for sustainable solutions towards better integration of intermittent renewable …
Published in Journal of Alternate Energy Sources & Technologies · Vol. 17, Issue 2, 2026 Read article