Search
47 articles for “antibiotic”
-
Antibiotics – Challenges in our Post-COVID Era
Abstract: Accidental discovery of the antibiotic properties of penicillin marked a watershed moment in healthcare, transforming the landscape of medicine and saving countless lives of injured and infected. Further research and awareness on the advantages of this “miracle drug” resulted in its bulk production in the 1940s, and played a crucial role in saving lives of thousands during World War II. Subsequent discoveries especially broad-spectrum antibiotics paved the way for further …
Published in International Journal of Antibiotics · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 1–5 Read article
-
The Burden of Empirical Therapy: Analyzing the Predominance of Broad-Spectrum Antibiotic Usage in Lower Respiratory Tract Infections
Abstract: Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) remain one of the leading causes of morbidity and hospitalization worldwide, particularly among older adults, immunocompromised individuals, and patients with chronic respiratory disorders. These infections include conditions such as community-acquired pneumonia, hospital-acquired pneumonia, bronchitis, and acute infective exacerbations of chronic lung disease, all of which often require rapid clinical intervention. Because microbiological confirmation of the causative pathogen frequently takes 48–72 hours, clinicians generally initiate empirical …
Published in International Journal of Antibiotics · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
-
Antibiotics in the Modern Era: Challenges, Misuse, and the Fight Against Resistance
Abstract: Overuse and inappropriate use of antibiotics in human medicine, agriculture, and environmental pollution. It is one of the biggest public health risks of the 21st century. The discovery of new antibiotics slowdown and the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) microorganisms has highlighted the urgent need to Creative approaches to fighting opposition. This review explores the current challenges in antibiotic use, the factors driving resistance, and the strategies being implemented to address …
Published in International Journal of Antibiotics · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 57–70 Read article
-
Post-Antibiotic Gut Microbiota Recovery in the Rumen: Insights into Colonization Patterns, Population Density, and Diversity Dynamics
Abstract: The post-antibiotic recovery of gut microbiota represents a critical area of research in understanding how microbial communities rebalance and re-establish homeostasis following antibiotic-induced disruptions. Antibiotics, while effective against infections, can cause substantial shifts in gut microbiota, leading to dysbiosis – a state of microbial imbalance that impairs gut health and functions. This recovery process involves multiple complex dynamics, including colonization patterns, population density, and the restoration of microbial diversity. The …
Published in International Journal of Antibiotics · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 1–17 Read article
-
Prolonged Antibiotic Use and Reproductive Challenges in Dairy Cows: Implications for Ovarian, Uterine, and Overall Reproductive Health
Abstract: The widespread use of antibiotics in dairy farming has raised concerns regarding its potential impact on reproductive performance. Prolonged antibiotic administration can disrupt endocrine regulation, alter ovarian function, impair uterine health, and compromise overall fertility in dairy cows. This review explores the multifaceted consequences of antibiotic exposure on reproductive physiology, highlighting its effects on hormonal balance, follicular dynamics, uterine microbiota, and embryo viability. Antibiotics may induce hormonal imbalances that interfere …
Published in International Journal of Antibiotics · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 22–40 Read article
-
Evaluating the Role of Pharmacists in Managing Antibiotic Use and Combating Multi-Drug Resistance in Hospital Settings
Abstract: Antibiotic resistance is now one of the crucial health issues of the world, especially in hospitals where high usage of antimicrobials is increasing the rate at which multi-drug resistant (MDR) organisms appear. Misprescription, extended treatment, and over-use of broad spectrum antibiotics play a large role in the development of resistance resulting in the growth of morbidity, mortality and health care expenditure. This review analyses the essentiality of pharmacists in controlling …
Published in International Journal of Antibiotics · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 12–19 Read article
-
A study on Antibiotic Resistance: An Analysis of Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications
Abstract: Antibiotic resistance (AR) represents one of the most critical existential threats to global public health, rapidly eroding the efficacy of established antimicrobial therapies and portending a return to the pre-antibiotic era. This analysis explores the intricate molecular landscape defining this crisis, focusing specifically on the primary mechanisms of action (MoA) utilized by major antibiotic classes—including cell wall inhibitors, protein synthesis inhibitors, and nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors—and the corresponding, diverse mechanisms …
Published in International Journal of Antibiotics · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 9–21 Read article
-
A study of The impact of Antibiotic Pollution and The types of Environmental Pollution It causes
Abstract: Antibiotics are essential biological drugs for human health and are the cornerstone of treating infections caused by various bacteria and viruses. However, they also pose a significant risk if misused, as each antibiotic is designed for a specific type of bacteria. Sometimes, due to the evolution of bacteria, many antibiotics have become ineffective and resistant to contamination and infection. Therefore, they can have the opposite effect, polluting the environment instead …
Published in International Journal of Antibiotics · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 41–46 Read article
-
Unveiling the Silent Threat: The Escalation and Defence Against Antibiotic Resistance
Abstract: The global challenge of antibiotic resistance presents a significant risk to public health, driven by multifaceted factors worldwide. This issue, akin to the impacts of climate change, requires concerted efforts at national and international levels to mitigate its consequences. Antibiotics have revolutionized modern medicine, enabling critical interventions like surgeries, transplants, and cancer treatments. However, without global collaboration, we face significant setbacks across medical, social, and economic domains. Initiatives to address …
Published in International Journal of Antibiotics · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 1–26 Read article
-
The Dual Crisis: Antibiotic Resistance and the Discovery Void – A Review of Novel Therapeutic Strategies and Non-Traditional Approaches
Abstract: The global rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as one of the most critical public health challenges of the 21st century, threatening to undermine decades of therapeutic success and rendering conventional antibiotic regimens increasingly ineffective. Parallel to the escalating resistance rates is a profound “discovery void,” characterised by a steep decline in the development of new antibiotic classes since the late 20th century. Together, these two interconnected crises create …
Published in International Journal of Antibiotics · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 47–65 Read article
-
Influence of Antibiotic Promotion Practices on Pharmacovigilance and Resistance Reporting Patterns
Abstract: The global escalation of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as a critical public health crisis, undermining decades of therapeutic advancements. While inappropriate prescribing and misuse of antibiotics are widely acknowledged contributors, the role of pharmaceutical promotion practices remains underexplored in influencing prescribing behaviors and downstream pharmacovigilance systems. This review critically examines how antibiotic promotion strategies – ranging from direct physician engagement to digital marketing – affect adverse drug reaction (ADR) …
Published in International Journal of Antibiotics · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2026 · pp. 1–11 Read article
-
Antibiotic Resistance Profiles of Salmonella Isolated from Al-Gharraf River and Iraqi Sewage
Abstract: Salmonella is a Gram-negative bacterium belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family. It has a rod-shaped (bacillus) structure. Salmonella is a prominent contributor to gastrointestinal sickness worldwide. In addition, it is the causative agent of more systemic severe disorders such as typhoid and paratyphoid fevers. Salmonella is primarily recognized as pathogens transmitted by water and food to people and animals. Salmonella is often found in water-related epidemics, even though it is routinely …
Published in Recent Trends in Infectious Diseases · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 1–10 Read article
-
Antimicrobial Peptides and Bacteriophages as Next-Generation Alternatives to Conventional Antibiotics
Abstract: The growing threat of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has underscored the urgent need for innovative alternatives to conventional antibiotics. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and bacteriophages are gaining recognition as next-generation therapeutics due to their distinct mechanisms of action and ability to target resistant pathogens effectively. AMPs, which can be natural or synthetic, disrupt microbial membranes and offer broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity with a reduced likelihood of resistance development. Bacteriophages, as bacteria-specific viruses, provide precise …
Published in International Journal of Antibiotics · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 9–27 Read article
-
Antibiotic Resistance in Microbes: History, Mechanisms, Therapeutic Approaches, and Strategies for Mitigation
Abstract: The global emergence of clinically significant antibiotic resistance is increasingly linked to the environment. Antimicrobials, metals, and biocides are just a few of the substances that are released into the environment through paths that are regulated by environmental regulators. Consequently, environmental regulators ought to be heavily involved in developing national and international antimicrobial resistance (AMR) measures. Antimicrobial compounds from pharmaceutical waste, agricultural runoff, and wastewater discharge contribute to the spread …
Published in International Journal of Antibiotics · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2025 · pp. 1–11 Read article
-
The Global and Regional Challenge of Pan-Antibiotic Resistance: A Review of Emerging Threats and Mechanisms
Abstract: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the major and most intricate threats to the health of the 21st century as it is core to the undermined expertise of the common clinical practice and public health security worldwide. The problem is characterized by the extensive development of bacterial pathogens into extremely drug-resistant (XDR) and pan-drug-resistant (PDR) so- called superbugs faster than it can be done with therapeutics. It is a synthesis …
Published in International Journal of Antibiotics · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2026 Read article
-
Histological Effects of the Antibiotic Gentamicin on the Ovarian Tissue of Female White Laboratory Rats
Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the histological alterations induced by Gentamicin in the ovarian tissue of white laboratory rats. A total of 12 adult female rats were used and randomly divided into two groups, with each group consisting of six animals. The experimental group received Gentamicin at a dose of 120 mg/kg body weight administered as an injection once daily, while the control group received an equivalent volume of normal …
Published in International Journal of Antibiotics · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 1–8 Read article
-
Optimizing Antibiotic Analysis: A Comprehensive Guide to HPLC Process of Assessment and Quantification
Abstract: The history and uses of chromatography are thoroughly covered in this work, with an emphasis on the use of High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) in pharmaceutical analysis. Since its discovery by Russian botanist Mikhail Tswett in the 19th century, chromatography has undergone tremendous developments that have given rise to a variety of chromatography types and applications. The story follows the evolution historically, emphasizing Tswett's groundbreaking breakthrough in plant color classification and …
Published in International Journal of Antibiotics · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 27–44 Read article
-
A Pilot Study on β-lactamase Producing Escherichia coli from Bovine Milk, West Bengal
Abstract: Drug resistant bacteria have become a significant global healthcare issue that requires close attention. With regards to antibiotic resistance, E.coli and its Enterobacteriaceae family are highly notorious for their ability to swiftly spread antibiotic resistance genes, thereby posing a major concern. In order to effectively address the spread of multi drug resistant bacteria, ongoing monitoring of the microflora in milk for the presence of drug resistant genes is essential. This …
Published in International Journal of Toxins and Toxics · Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2024 · pp. 01–05 Read article
-
Review: Virulence factors, resistance genes and pathogenicity of Moraxella catarrhalis
Abstract: An estimated 2-4 million cases of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) in adults are exacerbated by Moraxella catarrhalis annually in the US, making it a pathogen of increasing significance for respiratory tract infections. It often colonizes the nasopharynx without causing any symptoms and an opportunistic bacterial infection of the respiratory mucosa that is exclusive to humans. In our study, we reviewed references about the important virulence factors that M. catarrhalis possess …
Published in Recent Trends in Infectious Diseases · Vol. 2, Issue 1, 2025 · pp. 33–40 Read article
-
Bacteriophages- A New Frontier in Medicine
Abstract: Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically target and infect bacteria, offering an innovative alternative to traditional antibiotic treatments, especially in the face of rising antibiotic resistance. The resurgence of phage therapy has been driven by the increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains and the slowdown in the development of new antibiotics. Phages, unlike antibiotics, target specific bacterial strains, reducing the impact on the natural microbiota and potentially offering a …
Published in International Journal of Virus Studies · Vol. 1, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 31–35 Read article