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1287 articles for “Mixing”
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Use of Modified and Unmodified Calcium Oxide from Bio-resources as Heterogeneous Transesterification Catalyst for Biodiesel Synthesis: A Review
Abstract: Metal oxides have been widely used to catalyze various types of organic reaction, whatever supported or nonsupport metal oxide catalysts (supported with metal, mixed oxides and acids such as sulphoric acid). Calcium oxide is one of the most metal oxides used as heterogeneous catalysts; due to its favorable properties such as high activity, availability, low cost, and easily separated, as well as environmental friendly. Calcium oxide whether laboratory, prepared from …
Published in Emerging Trends in Chemical Engineering · Vol. 9, Issue 3, 2022 · pp. 30–34 Read article
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TiO2-ZrO2 Supported Nickel Oxide Catalysts for Hydrogenation of Levulinic Acid to -Valerolcatone
Abstract: The Titania-Zirconia (TZ) mixed oxide sample (50:50 wt.% percent) was prepared by a simple coprecipitation method and used as a support for the nickel catalyst. The various loadings of nickel content from 1 to 20 wt.% were synthesized for the production of γ-valerolactone (GVL) from levulinic acid (LA). Among all the tested samples, the 5 wt.% Ni/TZ sample exhibited the 98% conversion of LA and 96% selectivity to GVL and …
Published in Emerging Trends in Chemical Engineering · Vol. 9, Issue 3, 2022 · pp. 35–44 Read article
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Investigation of Characteristics of Vernonia amygdalina Stem on Remediation of Crude Oil Polluted Loamy Soil Environment
Abstract: The effectiveness of Vernonia amygdalina in Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) mitigation in a loamy soil environment was monitored using mixture of 100ml of Crude oil, 2kg of loamy soil and 25g to 100g of remediant determined. The experiment was set-up based on the design concept considered as presented in this research, which involved constant volume of 100ml of crude oil, constant mass of 2kg of loamy and changes in mass …
Published in Emerging Trends in Chemical Engineering · Vol. 10, Issue 2, 2023 · pp. 23–30 Read article
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Assessment of Potato Starch-Polyethylene Composites Biodegradability Caused by Pseudomonas Aeruginosa and Soil Burial
Abstract: Plastics are a vital portion of modern life that is used in our everyday lives such as food packaging, construction ingredients, insulating, and many more. Plastic is a synthetic or semi-synthetic ingredient that does not rust in the natural ambiance. Worldwide plastic production is more than 78 million tons per year and about half of it is dumped in a short period, leaving behind decades of waste and landfill (more …
Published in Emerging Trends in Chemical Engineering · Vol. 10, Issue 3, 2023 · pp. 49–61 Read article
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Performance Comparison of Plantain Stem Fibre, Palm Fruit Fibre and Banana Stem Fibre for Remediation
Abstract: This thesis goes on to show how each bioadsorbent works in a packed bed unit connected in series to remediate or treat contaminated fresh water medium using petroleum hydrocarbons, or crude oil. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of plantain, banana, and palm bunch fibers with diameters of 50 µm, 150 µm, and 200 µm in treating contaminated water media. In each packed bed unit, the …
Published in Emerging Trends in Chemical Engineering · Vol. 10, Issue 3, 2023 · pp. 27–36 Read article
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The Positive Significance of Cymbopogon citratus (Lemon Grass) in Remediation of Crude Oil in the Environment of Soil
Abstract: The effectiveness of using lemon grass in the remediation of soil contaminated by crude oil was investigated. The material investigated is lemon grass and the potential in terms of performance was monitored with biokinetic parameters evaluation. Six samples of 1000g of soil each were polluted with 100 ml of raw crude oil. The samples were later amended with dosage of 20g, 40g, 60g, 80g and 100g of dried lemon grass …
Published in Emerging Trends in Chemical Engineering · Vol. 10, Issue 3, 2023 · pp. 13–26 Read article
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Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Thin Wall Ductile Iron
Abstract: Currently many cast parts are produced in aluminum rather than cast iron, because of the drive to get high strength /weight ratio for application in automobile and aerospace. Ductile Iron casting of approximately 2-3mm section thickness better known as Thin wall ductile iron (TWDI) having high strength /weight ratio and better mechanical properties than Aluminum alloys. The effect of various parameters like, post inoculation, gating and feeding, moulding sand mix …
Published in Journal of Automobile Engineering and Applications · Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2017 · pp. 35–39 Read article
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Friction and Wear Response of CottonSeed Oils and Esterified CottonSeed Oil and their Blends with Mineral Engine Oil in a Reciprocating Sliding Contact at Severe Contact Conditions
Abstract: Many studies investigating the tribological performance of pure cottonseed and other bio-based oils have been conducted; a better understanding of vegetable oil tribologicalperformance at extreme conditions is still required. Little work has been carried out to studythe effect of vegetable oils on the performance of a lubricant formed from a blend ofcottonseed oil and conventional mineral engine oil. This work presents the tribologicalperformance of esterified cottonseed oil, and their blends …
Published in Journal of Automobile Engineering and Applications · Vol. 6, Issue 2, 2019 · pp. 20–35 Read article
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Economical Speed Characteristics in a 4 Stroke SI Engine using CNG, Petrol Blend
Abstract: Increasing need of energy and its effective utilization, reduced fuel consumption and increasing output power has become major aspect in engine development and research. As non-renewable fuels are depleting day by day, there is a necessity of using alternative fuels. CNG is one of the alternate fuels. Idea of this work is to blend gaseous fuel with liquid fuel and find the performance. We implemented this in bike (4 stroke …
Published in Journal of Automobile Engineering and Applications · Vol. 7, Issue 1, 2020 · pp. 12–17 Read article
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Reduction of Pollutant for SI Engine Using Argon and Oxy-hydrogen
Abstract: Reducing the emission associated with oil combustion is gaining increasing interest worldwide. Due to their dangerous effects on human health, vegetation and climate, various pre-combustion, in-cylinder and post combustion techniques have been tried for their abatement. The combustion of a hydrocarbon fuel with air produces mainly carbon dioxide(CO2) and Water(H2O). However, internal combustion engines are not perfectly efficient, so some of the fuel is not burned, which results in the …
Published in Journal of Automobile Engineering and Applications · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2015 · pp. 29–34 Read article
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Physical and Mechanical Characterization of Boron carbide(B4C) and waste granite dust reinforced hybrid aluminium composite.
Abstract: In this particular study the concussion of B4C and waste granite dust reinforced on AA6082-T651 hybrid aluminium matrix composite (AMCs)which was fabricated using the stir casting process was investigated.These reinforcements were mixed and varied in the ratio of 1:0,0:1,1:1,1:3,3:1 respectively in the aluminium metal matrix composite .The physical and mechanical characterization of these AMCs were investigated.The obtained results indicate that the density of the composite XCM-5 increased by increasing the …
Published in Journal of Automobile Engineering and Applications · Vol. 8, Issue 2, 2021 · pp. 17–26 Read article
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Vibration Monitoring of Diesel Engine Using Bioethanol from Water Hyacinth as Fuel
Abstract: For the current study, water hyacinth plants (Eichhornia crassipes) are used as raw materials for fermentation with native yeast isolated from the water hyacinth plants. Acid hydrolysis followed by fermentation with the yeasts resulted in the yield of bioethanol. Bioethanol is mixed with diesel fuel in different ratios and used in IC engines. Vibrations have direct effects on engine components therefore; analysis of vibration resulting from combustion in IC engines …
Published in Journal of Automobile Engineering and Applications · Vol. 3, Issue 1, 2016 · pp. 21–33 Read article
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Accelerating Market Penetration: A Study On Promotional Campaigns And Buyer Behavior In The Gujarat Automotive Sector
Abstract: This research paper frame by researcher to know the promotional activity of car markets and further impact on buyers in Gujarat state we all know that Gujarat’s state of festivals in Gujarat were people make purchase most of the festival period and also month of august consumer more purchase on HOLI, CRISMATS, DIWALI DASSERA etc. and also major purchase on special day like birthday, AKADASHI,VASANTPANCHAMI etc. utilizing a combination of …
Published in Journal of Automobile Engineering and Applications · Vol. 10, Issue 3, 2023 · pp. 15–19 Read article
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Evaluating the Effect of the EGR Rate on the Performance and the Emission of VCR Engine Operating on Jatropha Biodiesel Blends
Abstract: AbstractThe modern diesel engines running on biodiesel employ many techniques to encounter strict exhaust emission norms. Among the many techniques suggested to mitigate the NOX emission from the compression ignition engine, the Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) system is being employed extensively. The EGR curtails the proportion of the oxygen in the mixture and lowers the flame temperature inside the cylinder. This research is intended to investigate the influence of the …
Published in Journal of Alternate Energy Sources & Technologies · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2018 · pp. 7–14 Read article
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Analysis of Effect of Human Hair in Compressive and Split Tensile Strength of Concrete
Abstract: AbstractThis research paper presents the analysis of the effect of human hair in compressive and split tensile strength of concrete. In the recent time due to a significant increase in population increases large amount of human hairs. Human hairs are strong in tension and it also reduces greater impact, abrasions and shatter resistances in concrete and prevents many problems in this environment. Fiber reinforcement improves the impact strength and fatigue …
Published in Journal of Alternate Energy Sources & Technologies · Vol. 9, Issue 2, 2018 · pp. 50–61 Read article
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Experimental Investigation on the Production and Usage of UCVO and WSLO as an Alternative Fuels to Diesel Engines
Abstract: Recently, black/biodiesels are gaining wider popularity as they can be made from renewable resources and wastages, thus, providing an extra environmental values. Indeed, reuse of the waste spent lubrication oil (WSLO) and used vegetable cooking oils (UVCO) has attracted researchers as the wastes generated are on a massive level everywhere and are posing an environmental hazard in handling serious problems of waste management. The transesterification process and centrifuge operations are …
Published in Journal of Alternate Energy Sources & Technologies · Vol. 7, Issue 2, 2016 · pp. 34–44 Read article
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Water in Diesel Emulsion: Efficient Fuel
Abstract: Diesel engines are the most power conversion efficient engines, due to which it dominates the usage in various sectors but in spite of these advantages it emits various pollutants in air which can no more be tolerated. Modern hardware based solutions for pollution control with high price tag are incompatible with existing diesel engines and are pressing needs to develop technology which can fit into existing engine model and lower …
Published in Journal of Alternate Energy Sources & Technologies · Vol. 6, Issue 2, 2015 · pp. 34–39 Read article
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Different Types of Control Grid in Solar System
Abstract: This paper gives a concise prologue to photovoltaic (PV) systems, with an emphasis on those that interface with the current electrical grid. The solar modules, intersection box, on-grid inverter, principal board, AC separate, net meter, and electrical grid are only a portion of the parts examined. It represents the qualities of the numerous assortments of solar cells utilized in PV transformation, including monocrystalline, polycrystalline, and undefined silicon cells, and their …
Published in Journal of Alternate Energy Sources & Technologies · Vol. 14, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 1–7 Read article
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Catalytic Trends of OsO4 for the Taurine-Bromamine-T Redox System: Kinetic and Mechanistic Chemistry of Catalyzed and Uncatalyzed Reactions
Abstract: Taurine (2-ethane aminosulfonic acid) facilitates as a building block for protein synthesis, also possessing various other vital biological functions. Literature survey revealed that there was no report available on the oxidation of taurine with any oxidants from its kinetic, mechanistic and catalytic aspects. A detailed comparative mechanistic study of its Os(VIII) catalyzed and uncatalyzed oxidation kinetics by bromamine-T (BAT) in NaOH medium at 313 K revealed the rate law to …
Published in Journal of Catalyst & Catalysis · Vol. 4, Issue 3, 2017 · pp. 5–19 Read article
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Extraction and Characterization of Antioxidants from the Seeds of Ethiopian Avocado Variety, Pinkerton
Abstract: The objective of this study was to extract and characterize the antioxidants from the Ethiopian avocado seeds of the Pinkerton variety, using ethanol as a solvent. Response surface methodology (RSM) in combination with Box-Behnken experimental design with a three level, three-factor mixture design was used to optimize the extraction condition for assessing the maximum yield of antioxidant from the avocado seeds. Ethanol concentration (%, v/v), temperature (°C) and time (h) …
Published in Journal of Catalyst & Catalysis · Vol. 4, Issue 3, 2017 · pp. 49–56 Read article