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796 articles for “country”
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Necessity of Multiple Strategies to Combat and Eliminate Rabies
Abstract: Rabies is a vaccine-preventable viral disease and is the deadliest of all human diseases. There is no cure or treatment for disease, but disease is preventable by post-exposure immunization. Rabies is a zoonotic disease and a number of animals are reservoirs. Dogs have historically been associated with rabies transmission to humans, but cats, bats also transmit rabies to humans. Globally, around 55,000 people die of rabies every year. Global estimate …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Immunology · Vol. 5, Issue 2, 2015 · pp. 17–20 Read article
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Pathogenesis, Immune Response and Vaccine Development in Amoebiasis
Abstract: Worldwide, approximately fifty million cases of invasive E histolytica disease occur each year and resulting in more than 100,000 deaths. It is the second leading cause of mortality due to a protozoan parasitic infection after malaria. Entamoeba histolytica infection is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality in the form of intestinal and extra-intestinal amoebiasis especially in developing countries. Recent molecular studies have conclusively proved that there are morphologically similar species …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Immunology · Vol. 5, Issue 3, 2015 · pp. 30–35 Read article
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Client Satisfaction and its Associated Factors towards Maternal and Child Health Services in Mekelle Health Centers, Ethiopia, 2015
Abstract: The health of the mother and child constitutes one of the most serious health problems affecting the community, particularly in the developing countries. Client satisfaction is fundamental for further improvement of quality of health care delivery system in general and maternal and child health care services in particular. However, studies on the level of client satisfaction with maternal and child health care service are lacking. So, the purpose of this …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Immunology · Vol. 6, Issue 1, 2016 · pp. 1–5 Read article
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Assessment of Hygienic Practice on Complementary Food among Mothers with 6–24 Months Age Living Young Children in Mohoni Town, North Eastern Ethiopia, 2015
Abstract: Timely introduction of appropriate complementary foods promotes good nutritional status and growth in infants and young children. Inadequate sanitary conditions and poor hygiene practices play major roles in the increased burden of communicable disease within developing countries. Inadequate food hygiene is considered to be one of the major contributors to diarrhea. The objective of this study was to assess awareness and hygienic practices on complementary food among mothers with 6–24 …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Immunology · Vol. 6, Issue 1, 2016 · pp. 6–11 Read article
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Role of Clinical Pharmacist in Evaluation of Women’s Knowledge Status Regarding Vaginal Infections and Its Management - A Hospital Based Study
Abstract: AbstractBackground: Vaginal infections particularly Vaginitis is one of the most frequentgynecological problems in females especially and is one of the most prevalent infections among Reproductive tract infection (RTI)in their reproductive ages and has significant clinical consequences. It is one of the major public health problems among adolescents that cause a considerable proportion of gynecological morbidity and maternal mortality in the developing countries. Aim and Objectives: To assess knowledge status in …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Immunology · Vol. 10, Issue 2, 2020 · pp. 31–38 Read article
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Development of Covid-19 Vaccine: A Review
Abstract: The emergence in December 2019 of a novel coronavirus, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has had devastating consequences globally. This is the worst catastrophe suffered by mankind in recent history. In the face of this severe disaster, people all over the world are frightened of the prospect of facing an outbreak or an annual recurrence. Control measures such as the use of masks, physical distancing, testing of …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Immunology · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2021 · pp. 12–22 Read article
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Infant’s Immunity w.s.r. to Compliment System: A General Review
Abstract: Infant’s mortality and morbidity rate in developing countries are at higher incidence due to infections. Various factors are responsible for infections, such as low socio-economic status, poor hospital facilities and malnutrition etc. The low level of compliment components and serum immunoglobulin in infants has been claimed to be the reason of defective opsonic activity in infants as well as defective generation of chemotaxis activity. Thus immune system during neonatal as …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Immunology · Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2021 · pp. 1–11 Read article
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COVID-19: An Emerging Global Threat
Abstract: The emergence of COVID-19 in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China in December 2019 has worsened global health worries. It is now declared by World Health Organization (WHO) as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). Till 22 March 2021, there have been 122,524,424 confirmed cases of COVID-19 globally, with 2,703,620 deaths, and more than 216 countries are suffering from this fatal virus. The transmission of coronavirus occurs via droplets, filthy …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Immunology · Vol. 11, Issue 3, 2021 · pp. 8–19 Read article
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Pathogenesis and Treatment of Tuberculosis (T.B) Disease
Abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious illness spread through the air that is caused by organisms from the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. M. tuberculosis is a lung infection in primary stage, but it can infect any area of the body. M. tuberculosis infection can progress from latent TB infection, in which the bacteria are isolated within granulomas, to infectious infection, in which the patient develops symptoms such as cough, fever, night sweats, …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Immunology · Vol. 11, Issue 3, 2021 · pp. 42–48 Read article
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Patch Testing
Abstract: Contact dermatitis is an inflammatory disorder (erythema, edema and vesiculation) caused by repeated contact with an exogenous or noxious agent progressed to skin sensitivity or directly damage the skin. The prevalence of work-related Allergic Contact Dermatitis e.g., hair dressing, construction work, cleaning and health care biomedical devices etc. accounts for 20% in the general population. Patch test are standard method for diagnosing chronic dermatitis or Allergic Contact Dermatitis (ACD). Additional …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Immunology · Vol. 11, Issue 3, 2021 · pp. 33–41 Read article
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Second Wave COVID-19 Predictions and Forecasting of Confirmed Cases in West Bengal Using ARIMA Model
Abstract: Infection and death rates surged drastically during the second wave of the COVID-19 (called delta variant) in India, owing to the destructive virus. As our country's economic load makes it more difficult to control the measures and it is critical for states such as West Bengal to forecast future cases. The present study introduced a time series forecasting model aimed at predicting and forecasting the number of confirmed and active …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Immunology · Vol. 13, Issue 1, 2023 · pp. 1–8 Read article
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An Imagination for future Immunology in a story " IMMUNO-MACHINE " : to cure diseases
Abstract: Still a number of diseases like cancer , alzheimer, dementia etc are not completely cured and finally patients die . The treatments of such diseases are very painful and costly. It is not only restricted to patients but also affected to those associated with patients that are his / her family, friends and relatives. Scientists, Immunologists and Doctors are researching and trying to find some good and easy treatments of …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Immunology · Vol. 13, Issue 3, 2023 · pp. 48–51 Read article
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Assessment of Total Cardiovascular Risk using WHO/ISH Risk Prediction Charts in Chaman Colony, Dhanas, Chandigarh in India
Abstract: Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), largely heart disease and stroke, accounts for almost half of all NCD-related deaths and is now the leading cause of death in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). There are several risk factors which are responsible for developing CVDs. Many of the risk factors such as smoking, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, diabetes, physical inactivity and obesity are potentially modifiable by health counselling. Cardiovascular diseases are preventable so accurate estimation …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Medicine · Vol. 7, Issue 2, 2017 · pp. 1–6 Read article
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Relationship of Non-Barrier Contraception with Reproductive Tract Infections Among Ever Married Women of Reproductive Age in Rural Haryana: A Crosssectional Study
Abstract: Introduction: Reproductive tract infections (RTI) have been reported to have a prevalence rate between 19–71% in various parts of the country. Contraceptives have been used since decades and the use of contraceptives and its relation with RTI needs to be evaluated.Aim: To determine the relationship between RTI and contraception among females of reproductive age.Settings and Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a sub district level hospital in Haryana among …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Medicine · Vol. 7, Issue 2, 2017 · pp. 26–32 Read article
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Determinants of Teenage Pregnancy and Motherhood in Ethiopia: Analysis of the Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey 2016
Abstract: Background: Teenage pregnancy, a global public health problem, especially in developing countries, refers to a pregnancy when teenage girls, aged 13–19 and considered not to have reached legal adulthood, become pregnant and is said to have wide range of subsequent adverse health, economic and social outcomes. In Ethiopia, where marriage is a universal occurrence, the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia ministry of health is working to alleviate the problem, though …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Medicine · Vol. 8, Issue 3, 2018 · pp. 47–53 Read article
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A Study of Lipid Profile in Hypertensive Patients
Abstract: Hypertension is a non-communicable disease which is commonly prevalent in elderly population. Hypertension often coexists with an aberrant lipid profile and has been a pandemic globally, irrespective of the development of the country or community. Public awareness about the role of hyperlipidemia in decreasing the morbidity plays a pivotal role. The objective of this study was to examine the serum lipid patterns of hypertensive patients. This prospective study was carried …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Medicine · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2014 · pp. 1–5 Read article
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Respiratory Tract Infection: A Focus on Upper Respiratory Tract Infection
Abstract: Respiratory tract infection (RTI) is considered as one of the most important public health problems in developing countries. Respiratory infections that occur in upper respiratory tract are seen with great frequency in both children and adults. RTIs are common cold, sore throat, sinusitis, laryngitis, pharyngitis, earache, and otitis media. Upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) are general illnesses that are often treated with antibiotics even though bacteria cause only 25% of …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Medicine · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2014 · pp. 30–35 Read article
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Emergency Contraception: Current Status in India
Abstract: Worldwide, the incidence of unsafe abortion has increased in spite of gradual increase in use of contraceptives. About one-third of pregnancies are unplanned and 20% pregnancies end in abortion. Lack of knowledge on emergency contraceptives is one of the reasons behind unplanned pregnancies in many developing countries. As per NFHS-3, the overall knowledge about EC is meagre 12% among currently married women with several states having lower than 5%. Levonorgestrel …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Medicine · Vol. 4, Issue 2, 2014 · pp. 12–15 Read article
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Risk Factors of Neonatal Deaths Among Asphyxiated Neonates in Ayder Referral Hospital, Mekelle, Ethiopia: A Case Control Study
Abstract: In the globe about 4 million babies die during neonatal period every year and 99% of these deaths occur in low-income and middle-income countries. Out of these, almost one-fourth of them lose their lives due to birth asphyxia. The main objective of this study was to assess risk factors of neonatal death among asphyxiated neonates in Ayder Referral Hospital, Mekelle City. Institution-based unmatched case-control study was conducted from December 1st …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Medicine · Vol. 5, Issue 3, 2015 · pp. 16–26 Read article
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Emergency Contraceptive Use among Female Students of Aksum University, Aksum, Northern Ethiopia
Abstract: Unintended pregnancy is a public health problem among young women in developing countries like Ethiopia. Emergency contraceptives (ECs) can be used as a backup in case regular contraception is not used, misused or failed. However, little is documented about sexual experiences and EC use in highly religious areas like Aksum where sexual rights may not be exercised freely. Therefore, this study was aimed at assessing sexual experiences and EC use …
Published in Research and Reviews: A Journal of Medicine · Vol. 6, Issue 3, 2016 · pp. 9–20 Read article