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114 articles for “PID controllers”
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A Review on Two-Wheeled Self-Balancing Robot Using Spartan-3E FPGA for Sensor Fusion and Real-Time Motor Control
Abstract: Two-wheeled self-balancing robots (TWSBR) are a popular application of embedded control and robotics because they operate on the inverted pendulum concept, which is naturally unstable. The main objective of such robots is to continuously maintain balance by estimating the tilt angle and applying corrective motor action in real time. In most practical systems, low-cost inertial sensors such as accelerometers and gyroscopes are used for tilt measurement. However, accelerometer readings are …
Published in Journal of VLSI Design Tools and Technology · Vol. 16, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 17–27 Read article
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Real-Time Temperature Control System and Performance Exemplification with Conventional PID
Abstract: In process control industries, automatic controllers are introduced. PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) controllers are the work horses of many industrial controller applications. Significant research work has been carried out to improve the performance of closed loop response with a PID controller so that it can be used for real time temperature control system. Also performance of a PID controller is investigated for different performance metrics such as Integral Square Error (ISE), Integral …
Published in Journal of Control & Instrumentation · Vol. 6, Issue 1, 2015 · pp. 31–36 Read article
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Regulation of Second and third Order Intervals Plant Using PID Surface Sliding Mode Control Strategy
Abstract: In this article regulation aspects of second and third-order interval systems considering sliding mode control, PID surface sliding mode control strategies are discussed. The transfer function models of second and third order systems are considered for the evaluation of system performances. The linear part and non-linear part of the SMC strategy are designed and stability is analyzed using Lyapunov analysis. A conventional PID controller and PID surface SMC strategy are …
Published in Trends in Electrical Engineering · Vol. 13, Issue 2, 2023 · pp. 28–49 Read article
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Simulation of Pole Placement Controller for an Active Bus Suspension System
Abstract: Designing a suspension system for a bus is an interesting and challenging control problem. When the suspension system is designed, a one quarter bus model (one of the four wheels) is used to reduce the complexity of the problem. The active suspension system is the one which has a force actuator in parallel to passive suspension. The open loop time response of the suspension system is damped oscillatory and has …
Published in Journal of Automobile Engineering and Applications · Vol. 2, Issue 2, 2015 · pp. 13–18 Read article
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Hybrid Braking System: Electromagnetic + Disc Braking
Abstract: The Hybrid Braking System combines electromagnetic braking and traditional disc braking to enhance vehicle safety, improve braking response, and reduce mechanical wear. This system integrates sensor fusion technologies, including ultrasonic and infrared sensors, to enable adaptive braking based on real-time road conditions. A PID-based control algorithm optimizes braking force distribution, ensuring a smooth and controlled deceleration. Additionally, the incorporation of regenerative braking allows for energy recovery, increasing vehicle efficiency and …
Published in International Journal of Mechanical Dynamics and Systems Analysis · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 8–14 Read article
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A Sliding Mode Control with a PID Sliding Surface for Power Output Maximizing of a Wind Turbine
Abstract: The wind energy has many advantages, it does not pollute and it is an inexhaustible source. However, thecost of this energy is still too high to compete with traditional fossil fuels, especially on the less windy sites.The performance of a wind turbine depends mainly on three parameters: the power of the wind, the powercurve of the turbine and the generator’s ability to respond to the wind fluctuations. This article proposes …
Published in Journal of Control & Instrumentation · Vol. 1, Issue 1-2-3, 2011 · pp. 12–18 Read article
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Dynamic Modelling, Simulation of Single-Link Flexible Robot Manipulator and its Control
Abstract: This paper presents the dynamic modelling of single link flexible manipulator based on Assumed Modes Method. Modelling of flexible robot manipulator is a challenging task because of its nonlinearity and complexity involved in the dynamics. Kinetic energy, potential energy, and dissipation energy are taken into consideration for dynamics modelling. The model is simulated using SIMULINK software by considering proper parameters and constants. Modelling dynamics is simulated by using two different …
Published in Journal of Control & Instrumentation · Vol. 5, Issue 3, 2014 · pp. 15–21 Read article
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Controlling and Management of the MEMS IMU's temperature with a Peltier Plate
Abstract: Due to its small size, light weight, low consumption of electricity, and low cost, micro-electro-mechanical systems, or MEMS, IMUs (Inertial Measurement Units) have been increasingly popular in robotics, UAVs, and UGVs (Unmanned Ground Vehicles) in recent years. MEMS IMUs combine a 3-axis accelerometer, 3-axis gyroscope, 3-axis magnetometer, thermometer, and other components into a single microchip; nevertheless, the accuracy of MEMS gyroscopes is sometimes poor, particularly when temperature is considered, and …
Published in Journal of Thermal Engineering and Applications · Vol. 10, Issue 3, 2023 · pp. 36–45 Read article
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Level Control using Bode’s Integral
Abstract: Normal 0 false false false EN-IN X-NONE X-NONE PID controllers are widely used in industrial plants. Usually a first or a second order model with time delay is used. Many a times even if the plant model is perfectly known, it leads to a set of nonlinear equations for which no analytic solution is available. An advanced method tries to find a solution by numerical methods or to simplify the …
Published in Journal of Instrumentation Technology & Innovations · Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2013 · pp. 16–31 Read article
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Optimization of V/F Control in Asynchronous Motors Using Adaptive Bee Colony Optimization
Abstract: : Asynchronous motors play a pivotal role in various industrial applications, utilizing electromagnetic induction to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. This paper provides an in-depth exploration of their design principles, focusing on the rotor, stator, and coil configurations. Induction motors are categorized into single-phase and three-phase types, each suited to different power supply configurations and operational requirements. The study outlines a comprehensive methodology for modeling and simulating induction motor …
Published in Trends in Electrical Engineering · Vol. 14, Issue 2, 2024 · pp. 67–86 Read article
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Twisting, Super Twisting and Adaptive Algorithm Sliding Mode Controller for Second Order Time Delay Systems
Abstract: The sliding mode control approach is widely considered as one of the most effective methods for designing a reliable controller for a complicated higher-order dynamic plant operating under uncertainty. The primary advantages of sliding mode is its low sensitivity to changes in plant parameters and the ability to entirely eliminate disruptions. Sliding mode control has been widely applied as a robust control design methodology that is completely insensitive to uncertainties, …
Published in Current Trends in Signal Processing · pp. 10–27 Read article
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Assessment of HVAC AHU, Ventilation and Air Conditioning systems using ARAS Method
Abstract: HVAC gadget is largely an assembly of various sorts of equipment hooked up together to provide heating and cooling alongside indoor climate manipulate. The air coping with unit (AHU) is the heart of important air con. HVAC structures encompass mechanical, electric and I & C components to provide consolation to the occupants of a constructing/location or to defend materials, products or objects housed in the location. It collects outside air …
Published in Journal of Refrigeration, Air conditioning, Heating and ventilation · Vol. 9, Issue 3, 2022 · pp. 1–8 Read article
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Real Time Implementation of Cascade Process using NI ELVIS in LabVIEW
Abstract: The main objective of this work is to enforce PID controller in a real time process, and to find out the best robust control settings for cascade process. In this work, process variable level is controlled in a cascade mode. Level and flow are considered as primary and secondary variable, respectively. Process models of flow and level are identified as First order plus dead time models. Validated model is used …
Published in Journal of Control & Instrumentation · Vol. 6, Issue 1, 2015 · pp. 37–43 Read article
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Controlling of Level Process in Non-Linear System Using Variable Frequency Drive
Abstract: Abstract—The objective of this paper is to investigate the Model Predictive Control (MPC) strategy, analyze and compare the control effects with Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control strategy in maintaining a level of spherical tank system using VFD. An advanced control method, MPC has been widely used and well received in a wide variety of applications in process control, it utilizes an explicit process model to predict the future response of a process …
Published in Current Trends in Information Technology · Vol. 9, Issue 2, 2019 · pp. 24–33 Read article
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Modelling and H∞ Robust Control of a Neonatal Incubator
Abstract: This study presents the modelling of a neonatal incubator and the design of a robust H∞ controller. Neonates, who are born premature, often don’t have enough maturity to regulate their temperature. These infants have low metabolic heat production rate and may have high heat loss from the skin so they have an increased risk of death in the first week of their life. The core temperature of the human body …
Published in Journal of Control & Instrumentation · Vol. 9, Issue 3, 2018 · pp. 1–14 Read article
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Servo and Regulatory Response of Non-linear Spherical Tank System
Abstract: The highly nonlinear spherical tank system is employed in many process industries for huge storage. The nonlinearity is due to the cross-sectional area of the tank with respect to its height. Thus, the level control of the spherical tank system is a challenging task. The diverse controller methods are existing for level control, in which 95% of controllers employed are Proportional, Integral, and Derivative (PID) controllers. In this paper, to …
Published in Journal of Instrumentation Technology & Innovations · Vol. 6, Issue 2, 2016 · pp. 6–14 Read article
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Analysis of Three Tank Interacting System with Observer Based Controller
Abstract: The three tank interacting system is used as standard bench mark problem for various control strategies like fault tolerant control, robust control, optimal control and is also most widely used in process industries such as oil refineries, food process industries etc. Most of the literature accepted the fact that the interaction is the major problem in controlling the level of three tank system. In this paper, three tank interacting system …
Published in Journal of Control & Instrumentation · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2018 · pp. 17–24 Read article
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Temperature Control System using Artificial Intelligence
Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) based controller for temperature control of a water bath system. The generation of membership function is a changeling problem for fuzzy systems and the response of fuzzy systems depends mainly on the membership functions. Artificial Neural Network based input and output used to tune the membership functions in fuzzy system. Two input and single output artificial intelligence is designed to control the temperature system .Further the tuning …
Published in Journal of Control & Instrumentation · Vol. 3, Issue 1-3, 2012 · pp. 76–83 Read article
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Performance Analysis of BLDC Motor: A Fuzzy Approach
Abstract: AbstractThe main objective of this paper is to study the performance analysis of a Brushless DC (BLDC) motor supplying different types of loads, and at the same time, deploying different control techniques. A Fuzzy controller is compared with the commonly used conventional controllers. The controller is designed to track variations of speed references and to stabilize the output speed during load variations. A comparison has been carried out by observing …
Published in Journal of Microcontroller Engineering and Applications · Vol. 6, Issue 2, 2019 · pp. 20–33 Read article
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Comparison of Speed Control of PMSM using Adaptive Fuzzy Logic Controller and PI Controller
Abstract: Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM) are widely used in low and mid power applications such as computer peripheral equipment, robotics, adjustable speed drives and electric vehicles. The growth in the market of permanent magnet motor drives has demanded the need of simulation tools capable of handling motor drive simulations. Simulations have helped the process of developing new systems including motor drives, by reducing cost and time. In a closed loop …
Published in Journal of Power Electronics and Power Systems · Vol. 8, Issue 3, 2018 · pp. 24–30 Read article