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Research and Reviews: A Journal of Toxicology Review Article

Mycotoxins in Grains: Toxicological Impact, Detection Strategies, and Public Health Implications

  1. V. Basil Hans Department of Management and Commerce, Srinivas University, Mangalore

Abstract

Many types of fungi create mycotoxins, which contaminate cereal grains like wheat, maize, rice, and barley. Even at low doses, aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, and deoxynivalenol are harmful to humans and animals. This study covers mycotoxin occurrence, detection, toxicological consequences, and public health concerns in grain-based food systems. Advanced analytical methods, like LC–MS, ELISA, and biosensors, are discussed for their sensitivity and routine monitoring applications. Experimental and epidemiological studies analyze chronic mycotoxin exposure’s hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, immunosuppression, and carcinogenicity. Global agencies’ regulatory frameworks and safety restrictions are also examined, revealing differences and issues in underdeveloped countries. Finally, to decrease exposure and protect public health, the study stresses the need for coordinated mitigation solutions across the grain supply chain, including preharvest management, postharvest storage, and consumer education.

Keywords

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