An Overview on Resistant Hypertension: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management

Asad Jamal Ansari; Nishat Fatima

Abstract

Hypertension is a universal health issue, which is an utmost attributor for the weight of cardiovascular diseases when BP leftovers resistant or stubborn to therapeutic events. Notwithstanding the progressive growth in the antihypertensive therapy, the incidence of resistant hypertension is assessed to be less than 5% of the hypertensive inhabitants. Resistant hypertension is well-defined as blood pressure that leftovers over head the goal line in meanness of the simultaneous usage of 3 antihypertensive drugs of dissimilar classes. It upsurges the risk of stroke, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, retinal hemorrhage and renal failure. Resistant hypertension is continuously multifactorial in etiology. Pseudo resistance comprises poor medication observance or white coat hypertension. Secondary reasons of hypertension are common with resistant hypertension which comprises disruptive sleep apnea syndrome, pheochromocytoma, primary aldosteronism, renal parenchymal disease, Cushing’s syndrome, renal artery stenosis and diabetes. Management of resistant hypertension is revised in this article counting pharmacologic treatments, non-pharmacological treatment and devised-based treatment for resistant hypertension. Normally, this review faiths to distribute consultants through a cohesive method for the diagnosis and treatment of resistant hypertension.

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