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Research and Reviews: A Journal of Medicine Original Research

Integration of Biomarkers in III and IV CKD Patients for Evaluation of Their Predictive Value for CVD in CKD Patients

  1. Vijaya Kumar Malladi Department of Microbiology, Central Institute of Fisheries Technology (ICAR-CIFT), Visakhapatnam
  2. Bhamidipaty Kanaka Durgaprasad Department of Radiodiagnosis, NRIIMS, Visakhapatnam
  3. Rama Rao Malla Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, GIS, GITAM Deemed to be University, Visakhapatnam

Abstract

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is presently characterized by the presence of proteinuria and/or a diagnosis of renal impairment. The worldwide significance of CKD is underscored by the fact that its prevalence and incidence have doubled over the past three decades. This paper provides an overview of the existing evidence regarding biomarkers in individuals with CVD or CKD, with a particular focus on the emerging biomarkers (i.e., eGFR, sALB, UACR, hs-CRP, p-FGN, h-FABP, serum lipids and CIMT). Additionally, it explores the potential contributions of these markers to understanding the interactions between the heart and kidney and their application in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for cardiorenal syndrome.

Methods: Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed to identify the optimal cut-off values and evaluate the predictive performance for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with stage III and IV chronic kidney disease (CKD). The Youden Index, a statistical approach that maximizes the combined sensitivity and specificity, was used to determine the cut-off points.

Results: In integration of eGFR, sALB, UACR, hs-CRP, p-FGN, h-FABP, serum lipids and CIMT reveals that the Sn and Sn of all biomarkers of stage III was 100 and 62 and stage IV was 97.8 and 98.2, respectively, while PPV of stage III was 48.70 and stage IV was 95.70, respectively. Further, the NPV of stage III was 100.00 and stage IV was 99.10, respectively, however, AUC in stage III was 0.81 and stage IV was 0.98 and DA of stage III was 74.35 and stage IV was 97.4 in CKD patients.

Conclusion: Combination of eGFR, sALB and UACR – best for stage III CKD Combination of all the biomarkers used in this study – best for stage IV CKD.

Keywords

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