STM Journals Peer-reviewed research from Consortium e-Learning Network

Research & Reviews : Journal of Food Science & Technology Review Article

Understanding the Impact of GMO on Hormones and Their Effect on Mood: A Review Paper

  1. Jennifer Pollin Joy Department of Psychology, Applied Psychology with Research, Batch 2022-2026, Amity Institute of Psychology and Allied Sciences, Amity University, Noida
  2. Deepika Chamoli Shahi Department of Psychology, Speakingcube Online Mental Health Consulting Foundation Adjunct faculty (Online) Southern New Hampshire University, USA Adjunct faculty (Online) Saint Leo University

Abstract

The research evaluates how consuming genetically modified organisms affects endocrine functioning that can potentially lead to mood changes or disorders. This is a systematic review paper that analysed sixty publications before selecting thirty which were obtained from Sciencedirect, Frontiers, Springer, Oxfordacadamic, Cabidigitallibrary, Wileyonlinelibrary, Cambridgeuniversitypress, Scijournals, Mdpi, Metabolismjournal; while using Prisma Flow Diagram as the research tool; acknowledging that human hormonal health risks from GMO consumption remain largely unknown due to evidence being primarily based on animal tests and brief trial periods with humans. Different reports issued by regulatory agencies combined with independent study findings increase the difficulty of properly identifying potential health risks. This review properly analyses existing research to explain critical pathways between GMOs and hormonal functions and mood responses and establishes the necessity for extended human research methods. The development of safe regulatory measures and consumer protection requires thorough research at these identified knowledge gaps.

Keywords

References (36)

  1. Aitbali Y, Ba-M'hamed S, Elhidar N, Nafis A, Soraa N, Bennis M. Glyphosate based- herbicide exposure affects gut microbiota, anxiety and depression-like behaviors in mice. Neurotoxicology and Teratology. 2018;67:44-49. doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2018.04.002
  2. Barnett JA, Bandy ML, Gibson DL. Is the Use of Glyphosate in Modern Agriculture Resulting in Increased Neuropsychiatric Conditions Through Modulation of the Gut-brain-microbiome Axis? Frontiers in Nutrition. 2022;9. doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.827384
  3. Bicca DF, Spiazzi CC, Ramalho JB, Soares MB, Cibin FWS. A subchronic low-dose exposure of a glyphosate-based herbicide induces depressive and anxious-like behavior in mice: quercetin therapeutic approach. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2021;28(47):67394-67403. doi:10.1007/s11356-021-15402-3
  4. Buchenauer L, Haange SB, Bauer M, Rolle-Kampczyk UE, Wagner M, Stucke J, et al. Maternal exposure of mice to glyphosate induces depression- and anxiety-like behavior in the offspring via alterations of the gut-brain axis. Science of The Total Environment. 2023;905:167034. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167034
  5. Das S, Chatterjee A, Pal TK. Organic farming in India: a vision towards a healthy nation. Food Quality and Safety. 2020;4(2):69-76. doi:10.1093/fqsafe/fyaa018
  6. Dawkar VV, Chougale AD, Barvkar V, Tanpure RS, Giri AP. Genetically Engineered Crops: Opportunities, Constraints, and Food Security at a Glance of Human Health, Environmental Impact, and Food Quality. Genetically Engineered Foods. 2018:311-334. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-811519-0.00012-1
  7. de Araújo-Ramos, A. T., Passoni, M. T., Romano, M. A., Romano, R. M., & Martino-Andrade, A. J. (2021). Controversies on endocrine and reproductive effects of glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicides: a mini-review. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 12, 627210.
  8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.627210
  9. Gao, M., Li, B., Yuan, W., Zhao, L., & Zhang, X. (2014). Hypothetical link between infertility and genetically modified food. Recent Patents on Food, Nutrition & Agriculture, 6(1), 16-22.
  10. https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/20153010432
  11. Gardier AM, Guiard BP, Guilloux JP, Repérant C, Coudoré F, David DJ. Interest of using genetically manipulated mice as models of depression to evaluate antidepressant drugs activity: a review. Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology. 2009;23(1):23-42. doi:10.1111/j.1472-8206.2008.00640.x
  12. Hooper L, Ryder JJ, Kurzer MS, Lampe JW, Messina MJ, Phipps WR, et al. Effects of soy protein and isoflavones on circulating hormone concentrations in pre- and post-menopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Human Reproduction Update. 2009;15(4):423-440. doi:10.1093/humupd/dmp010
  13. Hsiao CC, Yang AM, Wang C, Lin CY. Association between glyphosate exposure and cognitive function, depression, and neurological diseases in a representative sample of US adults: NHANES 2013–2014 analysis. Environmental Research. 2023;237:116860. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2023.116860
  14. Haddaway NR, Page MJ, Pritchard CC, McGuinness LA. PRISMA2020 : An R package and Shiny app for producing PRISMA 2020‐compliant flow diagrams, with interactivity for optimised digital transparency and Open Synthesis. Campbell Systematic Reviews. 2022;18(2). doi:10.1002/cl2.1230
  15. Hulsken S, Märtin A, Mohajeri MH, Homberg JR. Food-derived serotonergic modulators: effects on mood and cognition. Nutrition Research Reviews. 2013;26(2):223-234. doi:10.1017/s0954422413000164
  16. Ingaramo P, Alarcón R, Muñoz-de-Toro M, Luque EH. Are glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicides endocrine disruptors that alter female fertility? Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. 2020;518:110934. doi:10.1016/j.mce.2020.110934
  17. Kalofiri, P., Balias, G., & Tekos, F. (2021). The EU endocrine disruptors’ regulation and the glyphosate controversy. Toxicology Reports, 8, 1193-1199.
  18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.05.013
  19. Khan, S. J. (2012). Genetically modified organisms (GMOs): Food security or threat to food safety. Pakistan Journal of Science, 64(2).nsgenic crops before new varieties are released. https://doi.org/10.57041/vol64iss2pp%25p
  20. Levine SL, Webb EG, Saltmiras DA. Review and analysis of the potential for glyphosate to interact with the estrogen, androgen and thyroid pathways. Pest Management Science. 2020;76(9):2886-2906. doi:10.1002/ps.5983
  21. Li S, Liu C, Song Y, Ma N, Lu J. Association of Soyfoods or Soybean Products Consumption with Psychological Symptoms: Evidence from a Cross-Sectional Study of Chinese University Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023;20(1):819. doi:10.3390/ijerph20010819
  22. Lund, T. D., & Lephart, E. D. (2001). Dietary soy phytoestrogens produce anxiolytic effects in the elevated plus-maze. Brain Research, 913(2), 180-184. https://doi.org/10.1016/S00068993(01)02793-7
  23. Madani NA, Carpenter DO. Effects of glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicides like Roundup™ on the mammalian nervous system: A review. Environmental Research. 2022;214:113933. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2022.113933
  24. Maddalon A, Galbiati V, Colosio C, Mandić-Rajčević S, Corsini E. Glyphosate-based herbicides: Evidence of immune-endocrine alteration. Toxicology. 2021;459:152851. doi:10.1016/j.tox.2021.152851
  25. Muñoz JP, Bleak TC, Calaf GM. Glyphosate and the key characteristics of an endocrine disruptor: A review. Chemosphere. 2021;270:128619. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128619
  26. Miyake Y, Tanaka K, Okubo H, Sasaki S, Furukawa S, Arakawa M. Soy isoflavone intake and prevalence of depressive symptoms during pregnancy in Japan: baseline data from the Kyushu Okinawa Maternal and Child Health Study. European Journal of Nutrition. 2016;57(2):441-450. doi:10.1007/s00394-016-1327-5
  27. Nagata C, Shimizu H, Takami R, Hayashi M, Takeda N, Yasuda K. Serum concentrations of estradiol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and soy product intake in relation to psychologic well-being in peri-and postmenopausal Japanese women. Metabolism. 2000;49(12):1561-1564. doi:10.1053/meta.2000.18522
  28. Ozkok, G. A. (2015). Genetically modified foods and the probable risks on human health. Int J
  29. Nutr Food Sci, 4(3), 356-363. doi:10.11648/j.ijnfs.20150403.23
  30. Prakash D, Verma S, Bhatia R, Tiwary BN. Risks and Precautions of Genetically Modified Organisms. ISRN Ecology. 2011;2011:1-13. doi:10.5402/2011/369573
  31. Smith, J. M. (2017). Survey reports improved health after avoiding genetically modified foods. Institute for Responsible Technology. International Journal of Human Nutrition and
  32. Functional Medicine. https://www.biri.org/pdf/articles/Improved-Health-After-Avoiding-GMOFoods.pdf
  33. Then C, Bauer-Panskus A. Possible health impacts of Bt toxins and residues from spraying with complementary herbicides in genetically engineered soybeans and risk assessment as performed by the European Food Safety Authority EFSA. Environmental Sciences Europe. 2017;29(1). doi:10.1186/s12302-016-0099-0
  34. Trivedi, M., Singh, R., Shukla, M., & Tiwari, R. K. (2016). GMO and food security. In Ecofriendly pest management for food security (pp. 703-726). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B9780-12-803265-7.00023-3
  35. Tsatsakis AM, Nawaz MA, Tutelyan VA, Golokhvast KS, Kalantzi OI, Chung DH, et al. Impact on environment, ecosystem, diversity and health from culturing and using GMOs as feed and food. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2017;107:108-121. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2017.06.033
  36. Uzogara, S. G. (2000). The impact of genetic modification of human foods in the 21st century: A review. Biotechnology advances, 18(3), 179-206. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0734-9750(00)000331.
Support