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Research and Reviews : Journal of Dairy Science and Technology Review Article

Ecological Impacts of Intensively Managed Dairy Farms: Environmental Challenges to Sustainable Dairy Development

  1. Md. Emran Hossain Department of Animal Science and Nutrition, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram
  2. Minara Begum Munni Department of Animal Science and Nutrition, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chattogram
  3. Shilpi Islam Department of Animal Science and Nutrition, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur

Abstract

Intensively managed dairy farming systems, designed to maximize production efficiency, have raised significant concerns regarding their long-term ecological impacts. This study explores the environmental consequences of such systems, focusing on soil degradation, water resource depletion, biodiversity loss, greenhouse gas emissions, and ecosystem imbalance. While intensive dairy farming contributes to high yields, it also accelerates environmental degradation through practices such as excessive fertilizer and water use, monoculture feeding, and inadequate waste management. These systems have been shown to compromise soil health, reduce biodiversity, and significantly alter water cycles, leading to issues such as nutrient pollution, soil erosion, and water scarcity. Furthermore, intensive dairy farms are major sources of methane and nitrous oxide emissions, contributing to global climate change. The decline in biodiversity is also a critical concern, as these farms often replace natural habitats with monoculture crops, reducing ecosystem resilience. The cumulative effects of these environmental challenges undermine the sustainability of dairy production systems and threaten long-term ecological health. Addressing these issues requires a shift towards more sustainable farming practices that balance productivity with environmental stewardship. This paper aims to highlight these challenges and propose potential strategies for mitigating the ecological footprint of intensive dairy farming systems, ensuring a more sustainable path for dairy development.

Keywords

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