Water Pollution: Its Impact on the Human Health: Causes and Preventions

Archana Venkat Gumte; Jayshri Deepak Shastri

Abstract

In India, water pollution is a big issue. This problem has gotten much worse in recent years as India has become more industrialized and urbanized. Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies; it occurs when pollutants are dumped into water bodies, either directly or indirectly, without proper treatment to remove dangerous substances. Any chemical, physical, or biological change in the quality of water that has a deleterious effect on any living organism that drinks or utilizes it is referred to as water pollution. Humans' health is frequently harmed when they drink dirty water. Water is life when it is not polluted, but death when it is the goal of this research is to perform a review of the literature on the environmental implications of surface water contamination. A review of scholarly journal articles, internet materials, textbooks, bulletins, conference papers, project reports, and publicly available materials on the environmental effects of surface water contamination was employed for this research. Prior to the study's review, all authors agreed that anthropogenic activity contributed significantly more to surface water pollution and spatial variation in time and location than other sources in terms of both chemical and physical water pollutants, with elevated values of major chemical parameters (lead, cadmium, chromium, copper, and some anions) beyond the permissible/threshold limits set by regulatory bodies. They were also unanimous in their belief that the criteria had negative consequences for humans, plants, and the aquatic and physical environment. Based on the findings of earlier studies, this study indicates that most surface waters across the world are polluted and must be cleansed before being used for both residential and industrial reasons to prevent the spread of epidemics that can kill humans, the most valuable of all species.

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