Research and Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences
Volume 9, Issue 1 (2019)
Published
Table of contents
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Seasonal changes in Abundance of Soil Litter Sap-sucking Insects (Hemiptera) and its Relationship with Edaphic Factors in a Tropical Evergreen Forest
Abstract: This study presents a review on the dynamics of seasonal variation of insects like Hemiptera in response to different edaphic factors, which include temperature, moisture, pH, organic carbon, inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus, sodium and potassium contents of an anthropogenous tropical forest, in West Bengal. The variation in abundance of Hemiptera is significant during the study period. The order showed its maximum population during summer (April) in 1st study year and in …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 1–9 Read article
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Antibacterial Activity of Plant Extracts and Its Phytochemical Analysis
Abstract: Emergence of multi-drug resistance in human and animal pathogenic bacteria as well as undesirable side effects of certain antibiotics has triggered immense interest in the search for antimicrobial drug of plant origin since there is no resistance developed to the drugs that are of plant origin. The antibiotic resistance was observed by testing with commonly used antibiotics against test microorganisms and then diameter of zone of inhibition was compared to …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 1–11 Read article
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Detection of Two Different Morphotypes of Mitochondria in the Live Hemocytes of the Sand Lobster (Thenus orientalis)
Abstract: AbstractIn this in vitro study, presence of mitochondria in live blood cells or hemocytes in monolayer of the sand lobster, Thenus orientalis has been detected using rhodamine 123 staining. In freshly made hemocyte monolayers (after 40 minutes of hemocyte monolayer preparation), many hemocytes showed mitochondria with fine, filamentous (elongated) morphology in their cytoplasm. These structures were highly dynamic and were actively moving around in these cells. However, in aged hemocyte …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 10–14 Read article
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Phytoconstituents of Ziziphus nummularia (Burm. f.) Wight & Arn. Leaves Extracts Using GC-MS Spectroscopy
Abstract: The genus Ziziphus (Rhamnaceae) species are examples of multipurpose plants with great potential for ethnomedicinal use. The analysis and extraction of plant material play an important role in the development, modernization and quality control of herbal formulations. Gas chromatography and Mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) techniques have become a sophisticated means for analysis of various compounds. The phytoconstituents from n-hexane and 70% ethanol leaves extracts of Ziziphus nummularia (Burm. f.) Wight & …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 109–118 Read article
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Isolation, Identification and Characterization of Bdellovibrio sp. from Soil and its Antibiotic Potential against Selected Bacterial Pathogens
Abstract: Bdellovibrio and Like Organisms (BALOs) are the world's smallest Gram-negative, highly motile delta-proteobacterial predators generally found in diverse environmental niches such as soil, seawater, sewage, bio films, freshwater, gastro intestinal tract of animals and in association with plant roots. These small bacteria attack gram negative bacterial strains attaching to the outer membrane and consuming the prey extracellularly (epibiotic predation) or penetrating their periplasm (periplasmic predation). Bdellovibrio exovorus MPR11 (Accession No. …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 119–130 Read article
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Antimicrobial Activities of Silver Doped Nanoparticles
Abstract: Nanobiotechnology, an emerging field of nanoscience, has a wide range of biomedical applications. Nanoparticles (NPs) range between 1–100 nm in size and have a highly specific surface area. These NPs are highly selective and are surrounded by an interfacial layer. In this experiment, we have used five such NPs: ZnO NPs, Ag doped ZnO NPs, ZrO NPs, Ag doped ZrO NPs, and SeO2 with ZnO NPs. The synthesis of nanomaterials …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 12–15 Read article
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Atmospheric Carbon Control and Oxygen Production by Urban Green Campus
Abstract: Deforestation has resulted in a massive degradation of the forest area. At the current rate of forest degradation rejuvenation of the forest trees is becoming increasingly difficult. The urban trees thus contribute in the form of CO2 sink through carbon sequestration and produces oxygen. The urban trees also aid in improving the environmental quality. The urban vegetation is often under rated in terms of its contribution to the human benefits. …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 131–139 Read article
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Biofilm Forming Periphytes on the Dried Branches of Mulberry, Acacia nilotica Plants and Fish Scales as Substrates in a Periphyton Systems
Abstract: The present study was carried out on diversity of periphyton on different substrates. The substrates viz., isolated Acacia nilotica stem (A), bunch of A. nilotica stems (AB), mulberry stem (M), bunch of mulberry stems (MB) and scales of Catla catla (SC) was first time reported as substrates except stones (S). The substrates were inoculated in water for periphyton growth and incubated for 30 days. The water parameter showed variation in …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 140–146 Read article
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Studies on Isolation of Fungal Species Associated with Healthy and Infected Aloe vera Leaves Collected from Jabalpur Region
Abstract: Aloe vera is one of the highly valued medicinal plant, known for its gel filled leaves. The leaf rot disease caused by pathogenic fungi is the common cause of deterioration of gel quality and economic losses. In order to control the phytopathogenic fungi, use of endophytic and phylloplane fungi is an increasing trend. The present study was carried out to isolate the fungal species from healthy and infected leaves of …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 147–155 Read article
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Biodecolorization of Textile Dye Effluent by Biosorption on Plant Biomass and Equilibrium Modelling
Abstract: AbstractDye effluent discharge into water bodies leading to water pollution. Each textile dye process requires a different amount of dye and also it generates a different amount of effluents. Most of the physico-chemical methods are insufficient and highly expensive. Biosorption is an alternative technology for the treatment of different textile and other effluents. Aquatic plants specially water hyacinth showed a greater potential to use as biotrap for textile effluent treatment. …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 15–25 Read article
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Medicinal Plants Used by Traditional Healers of West Jaintia Hills District of Meghalaya, India
Abstract: A survey was conducted to record the medicinal plants used by traditional medicine practitioners in the West Jaintia Hills district of Meghalaya. A total of 44 species were recorded, out of which 2 were pteridophytes. Zingiberaceae was the most dominant family with 5 species. 48% of the medicinal plants used were herbs, followed by trees (20%) and shrubs and climbers (16% each). Underground parts and leaves of plants are mostly …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 156–164 Read article
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Identification and Quantification of Anti-inflammatory Compound in Michelia champaca
Abstract: Ferulic acid is a ubiquitous phenolic acid present in the plants. This phenolic acid is of low toxicity and can easily be absorbed and metabolized in the human body. Ferulic acid has many physiological functions such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-thrombotic and anti-cancerous activities. In the present study, Ferulic acid was isolated from Michelia champaca extract and quantified through High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Ferulic acid is effective in …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 16–23 Read article
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Superoxide Dismutase: An Emerging Target for Human Therapeutic
Abstract: Superoxide dismutases (SODs) represent a very essential antioxidant guard beside oxidative stress in the body. The enzyme does something as an excellent restorative mediator next to reactive oxygen species (ROSs)-mediated multiple sicknesses. The current review portrays the curative property of SOD in diverse physiological and pathological circumstances such as cancer, inflammatory diseases, gene mutation, cardio therapy, aging, neurodegenerative diseases, and diabetes. However, the enzyme has positive boundaries in experimental applications. …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 165–172 Read article
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In vitro/In vivo Study of Anti-inflammatory Effect of Cyperus rotundus on Diabetic Complications
Abstract: The reactive oxygen species (ROS) develop oxidative stress that contributes to the cause of human diseases. Radicals which enhance inflammation are nitric oxide, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide, and superoxide. Anion mediate and amplify the inflammation process, mediate vascular permeability and platelet aggregation leading to diabetic complications due to disruption of steady state of pro-oxidants and antioxidants. Cyperus rotundus plant extract was subjected to foraging radical activity with hemolysate sample to …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 24–32 Read article
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Isolation and Identification of Mycoflora from Floor Dust Via Non-culturable and Culturable Method: A Case Study of Indoor Atmospheric Quality (IAQ)
Abstract: The concentration of fungal genera in the floor dust was studied by culturable and non-culturable methods. A total of eight fungal genera were isolated and identified out of which two were characterized by non-culturable method, one with culturable method and other five were common for both the methods. The predominant genera were Aspergillus, Cladosporium Penicillium, Fusarium and Curvularia. From the comparative data obtained from culturable and non-culturable fungal concentration it …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 26–31 Read article
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Organic Solvent Tolerant (OST) Lipases, Sources and Industrial Applications
Abstract: Enzymes are natural catalysts. Lipases are used widely and have property of performing reaction in aqueous as well as organic solvents. Absolutely, in the recent times, there has been continuous increase in the number of publications, regarded properties and industrial applications of lipase catalyzed reactions. Lipases form an essential part of the industries ranging from food, dairy, pharmaceuticals, agrochemical and detergents to oleo-chemicals, tea industries, cosmetics, leather and in a …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 32–42 Read article
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The Significance and Correlation of Biochemical Parameters-related to Bone Diseases
Abstract: The chemical composition, mass and property of bones are controlled by various factors which include decreased mineral intake or absorption, defects in Vitamin D absorption or activation. Bone diseases are also influenced by growth factors, estrogen, testosterone, insulin, Parathyroid, Thyroid, and Cortisol hormone. Our study handles various human blood and urine samples ranging between the ages of 25–50 years for the above mentioned parameters which include calcium, alkaline phosphatases, phosphorous, …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 33–36 Read article
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Extraction and Application of Natural Dye from Nerium oleander
Abstract: The present study involves extraction of dye from Nerium oleander flower using varied percentage (10%, 20%, 5%, 10%) of different solvents and different methods (water bath, sonicator bath, microwave oven and shaker incubator). Extraction with different solvents (distilled water, ethanol, chloroform, methanol) and extraction methods were found to exhibit differential extraction of dye and it was evident by the intensity of dye extract. Absorption maximum of the extracted dye using …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 37–46 Read article
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Allelopathy Effect of Phytochemicals in Laticiferous Species Sarcostemma brunonianum Wight & Arn and Ficus tsjakela Burm. f on Vegetative Growth of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench
Abstract: The present experimental work was focused out to determine phytochemicals of two medicinal laticifers Sarcostemma brunonianum and Ficus tsjakela and to check the allelopathy potential on Sorghum bicolor under in vitro conditions. Allelochemicals are phytocompounds excreted during the process of secondary metabolism. Chemical components may occur in leaves, stem, root, latex, rhizomes, flowers, fruits, seeds and even in pollen grains. Plant latex supports defense in milk yielding plant species. The …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 43–50 Read article
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Investigation of Annonaceae Acetogenins for Inhibition of Dengue Viral Protease using in silico Docking Studies
Abstract: Dengue viruses (DENVs) cause severe and widespread epidemics of diseases such as dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome. Unfortunately, there is at present neither prophylaxis nor specific treatment to cure the disease and thus it is need of the hour to develop new antiviral therapeutic agents to combat diseases caused by DENV. Non-structural protein NS3 play a major role in the processing of polyprotein and replication of the …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 47–52 Read article
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Bioconversion of Textile Industry Sludge into Soil Enriching Material Through Vermistabilization
Abstract: Disposal of textile sludge onto the environment imposes deleterious effects on the micro and macroflora. Vermistabilization of sludge could be considered as the pioneering solution for the prevailing concern. In this regard, textile sludge has been admixed with cow dung in the ratio of 1:2 to enhance the suitability of the sludge as growth medium for Eudrilus eugeniae. Various physicochemical and worm growth parameters have been evaluated to discern the …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 51–58 Read article
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Study the Effect of Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Property of the Selective Indian Herbal Plant Extract (A. indicum) on Type II Diabetes Mellitus
Abstract: Abutilon indicum (A. indicum) is a traditional Indian phytomedicine plant used for the treatment of several diseases such as diabetes mellitus, cardiac diseases and anti-inflammatory diseases. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether A. indicum improves insulin sensitivity and determine its active role in bioactive secondary metabolites. Aldose reductase is an enzyme which contains lower affinity towards glucose and helps in converting glucose to sorbitol and slightly catalyzed. …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 53–63 Read article
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Diabetes and the Interrelationship Between Genes Significantly Related to it: A Brief Study
Abstract: Diabetes, one of the key non-communicable diseases (NCDs), is increasing its grip all over the world in rapid pace. In India, the scenario is more severe and it is estimated that this country will become diabetes capital of the world soon. Although the vast array of research articles published worldwide has helped to understand the etiology of this disease to a great extent, a huge amount of research is still …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 59–61 Read article
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Epitope-Based Peptide Vaccine Design Against Nuclear Protein EBNA3C of Epstein-Barr Virus: An Approach to Treat Multiple Sclerosis
Abstract: Almost 95% of the world’s population is affected by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV); it is an oncogenic virus of herpes virus family. The nuclear protein Epstein-Barr nuclear antigens (EBNA)-3C of EBV are related to multiple sclerosis (MS) which is an inflammatory disease of the nervous system. Regardless of multiple occurrences of infections due to EBV and shortage of licensed antiviral drugs, there is not much advancement on vaccine designed for …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 62–72 Read article
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Antibiotic Resistance Studies in Streptococcus mutans Isolated from Dental Plaque Samples
Abstract: Dental plaque is an archetypical biofilm composed of a complex microbial community. It is the etiological agent for major dental diseases such as dental caries and periodontal disease. Streptococcus mutans has been heavily implicated in dental plaque formation. The control of plaque can be achieved by mechanical oral hygiene procedures. However, in many cases, that is not enough to completely get rid of the biofilm. The addition of antiplaque or …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 64–72 Read article
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Exclusion of Seed Sprouts Salmonella Pathogens Through Bacteriophages
Abstract: Foodborne pathogens are contamination in foods; it results in poisoning conditions that reach to the consumers. Food poisoning responsible microbial inhabitants are progressive within a short duration and it is difficult to control their ascendancy. In practice, many chemical-based antimicrobial agents are used to control the foodborne pathogenic bacteria, subsequently with some drawbacks. Hence, we urgently need an attractive alternative to reduce bacterial food contamination. The lytic bacteriophages are the …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 73–80 Read article
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A Mini Review on Genes Associated with in vitro and in vivo Carbon Nanotubes Toxicity
Abstract: Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are the most extensively used nanomaterials due to their unique properties and diverse applications. The potential toxicity caused due to the exposure of CNTs in vitro and in vivo is being widely studied. This mini review provides information about the genes responsible for inflammatory, fibrotic and apoptotic responses during single and multi-walled CNT toxicity. Based on published literature, the upregulated pro-inflammatory genes are EGR1, ATF3, FGF21, EGF1 …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 73–78 Read article
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A Bioinformatics Approach for the Identification of Genes Responsible for Biofilm Formation in Candida Species
Abstract: Candida biofilm is one of the attributes for drug resistance in candidiasis. Candida biofilms are found on prosthetics, catheters, and implanted devices leads to biofouling. Genes such as ALS1, CDR1, ERG11, HWP1, LIP4 and WOR1 code for biofilm. In this study, bioinformatics tools have been used for data mining and analysis of genes responsible for biofilm formation in Candida tropicalis. Genes responsible for biofilm were tabulated via PubMed search, based …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 79–87 Read article
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Lonar Soda Lake: A Natural Habitat of the Industrially Important Diverse Alkaline Protease Producers
Abstract: Soda lakes, soda deserts and alkaline springs are the natural primary habitats for the occurrence of industrially important alkaline protease producers. Alkaline proteases are preferred for industrial use from the extreme alkaline habitats since the proteases from such habitats can withstand at high pH and thereby fulfill the current industrial need and global demand. In this scenario, we report the isolation and identification of 21 bacterial isolates from the Lonar …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 81–93 Read article
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Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) in Breast Carcinoma
Abstract: Breast cancer is the leading problem around the world predominantly in developing parts. Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in carcinogenesis especially in breast carcinoma. Disbalance in free radical and antioxidants result in oxidative stress. Enzymes like Superoxide dismutase (SOD) are used as primary defence; they directly scavenge and inactivate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Keeping this in mind, this study has been designed to study SOD in breast carcinoma before …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 94–98 Read article
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Endangered and Threatened Succulents of Southern Western Ghats, India
Abstract: The present study was an attempt to highlight the threatened succulents of Southern Western Ghats of India. A total of 25 species belonging to 17 families and 23 genera were collected. The plant species are provided with their botanical names, local names, habit, ecological status and phenology. The enumerated plants were categorized based on IUCN categorization. The present study suggested that these plants are need to proper conservation and management …
Published in Research and Reviews : A Journal of Life Sciences · Vol. 9, Issue 1, 2019 · pp. 99–108 Read article