Research and Reviews : A Journal of Biotechnology
Volume 1, Issue 1 (2011)
Published
Table of contents
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Chemotaxis: role in egg-sperm interaction and its evaluation
Abstract: Communication between spermatozoa and egg before contact by chemotaxis is prevalent throughout the animal kingdom. In most animal species, the prospects of the spermatozoa coming in contact with eggs are very slim in the absence of some guidance mechanism usually chemical in nature that has been acquired gradually. Such chemical guidance, sperm chemotaxis, is now recognized in many marine invertebrates, fish, amphibians, and a few mammals including humans. This suggests …
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L-glutaminase of Vibrio sp. from White-Spot Virus disease out-broken shrimp pond
Abstract: Bacteria from White Spot Viral (WSV) disease out-broken shrimp (Penaeus monodon) pond sediments located in the bank of Vellar estuary, South east coast of India were enumerated, enriched, screened by plate assay and confirmed as Vibrio sp. through biochemical tests. Extracellular L-glutaminase was eluted from Vibrio sp. by centrifugation and purified by downstream process. The final yield was 1.7% with 15.4 IU mg-1 of specific activities, which was 17.2 fold …
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A Study on The Optimization of Culture Conditions using NPK, A Commercial Fertilizer for Increase in the Biomass of Microalgae, Scenedesmus Bujigatus
Abstract: Algal biomass is rich in all the required nutrients for human body and acts as food as well as medicine in the treatment of a number of therapeutic and chemo preventive diseases. Algae are capable of enhancing nutrient contents of the conventional human food. This may be assigned to their healthy and balanced chemical composition. The current study aims to investigate the light absorption characteristics of the microalgae, Scenedesmus bujigatus …
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Analysis of Bore and Pond Waters at Storage Used for Drinking in Villages of Coimbatore for Determination of Coliforms
Abstract: The aim of the study was to identify the MPN Index of the water samples that were available for drinking purpose in selected villages. The water that was used for drinking should be free from any form of contamination in order to prevent ourselves getting infected by water borne diseases. The detection of Coliforms by this method helps in the identification of either the water shall used for drinking or …
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Analysis of Various Water Samples for Enterobacteriaceae by MPN Method
Abstract: This study was designed in such a way to identify the coliforms that were present in water that were taken from study villages. The villages that were identified for this study were Edayarpalayam, Ettimadai and Malumichampatti. Naturally, coliforms in turn cause diseases like typhoid and cholera etc. Three drinking, three tap water samples and a Recreational water sample were analyzed by MPN method. The presumptive, confirmed, completed tests were carried …
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Antibacterial Activity of Solanum Nigrum and Isolation of Bioactive Compounds
Abstract: Plants have been used as medicines throughout history. Indeed, studies of wild animals show that they also instinctively eat certain plants to treat themselves for certain illnesses. Medicinal plants are widely and successfully used on every continent. In Asia, the practice of herbal medicine is extremely well established and documented. Many people now take medicinal plant products on a daily basis, to maintain good health as much as to treat …
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Automatic Detection of Air Holes Inside The Esophagus in CT Images
Abstract: Automatic esophagus segmentation is a challenging problem. The wall of the esophagus consists of muscle tissue, which has a low contrast to vessels, other muscles and lymph nodes. Shape and appearance can vary a lot. It appears solid if it is empty, but it can also be filled with air, remains of orally given contrast agent, or both. Even for a human, it is often impossible to accurately delineate the …
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Avicennia Marina (FORSK) Vierh: A Review On Its Medical Properties
Abstract: Current generation is a fast moving and no doubt about the strength of allopathic medicine, they provide quick result, but the darkest side of this medicine is their several side effects and contraindications. On the other hand the plants are good substitution for those medicines because of their less or no side effect and their capability to cure the trouble from their root. Our study is based on the pharmacological …
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Biocontrol Agents for The Management of Rhizoctonia Solani in Rice
Abstract: The sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani is an important disease in rice. The bacterial antagonists were tested for their potential to suppress R. solani in dual cultures. Pseudomonas fluorescens isolate 27 was effective in reducing the mycelial growth and sclerotial number of R. solani followed by Pf 2. In pot culture also, seed bacterization, root bacterization and foliar spray with Pf 27 individually controlled the rice sheath blight disease …
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Box Behnken Design for Optimization of Operating Conditions for Methyl Violet Decolorization using Momordica Charantia Peroxidase
Abstract: Methyl violet is a triphenylmethane dye which is recalcitrant and it is difficult to degrade it by conventional methods. Enzyme based remediation methods have gained importance as they are cost effective, highly specific and eco friendly. Methyl violet was degraded using crude peroxidase from bitter gourd (Momordica charantia). To optimize the decolorization conditions of methyl violet by crude Momordica charantia peroxidase, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) using Box Behnken (BB) design …
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Comparative Studies on Anti-inflammatory and Diuretic Activities of Alternanthera Bettzickiana, Alternanthera pungens, Alternanthera tenella and Digera muricata
Abstract: The Benzene and Alcholic extracts of four medicinal plants such as Alternanthera bettzickiana, Alternanthera pungens, Alternanthera tenella and Digera muricata were studied for antiinflammatory and diuretic activities in albino rats. Anti inflammatory test was performed against carrageenin induced paw oedema method by using diclofenac sodium as standard. The parameters measured for the assessment of diuretic activity were total urine volume, sodium, potassium and chloride concentration in urine.The results of each …
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Comparative Studies on Rate of Biodegradation of Oil Using Microorganisms
Abstract: Oil released into the environment is a well-recognized problem in today’s world. Oil spills affect many species of plants and animals in the Environment as well as human. Public awareness of oil spills has increased over the years as more publicity has been focusing on this subject and the Massive harm it does to the environment. Several causes of hydrocarbon Spills occur including blowouts, leakage from tanks and dumping of …
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Effect of Olive Leaves Extract on Inflammatory Cyclooxygenase (COX) Levels in High Fat Diet (HFD) Induced Diabetic Animals
Abstract: Development of diabetes and its complications are associated with persistent inflammatory activity. It has been suggested that cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-mediated pathway involved in this inflammatory process in diabetes. For example, thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) released by platelets and monocytes due to the action of COX-1 and COX-2, respectively. They are important prostanoids involved in thrombosis and atherosclerosis development in diabetic condition, this also have been proved in our …
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Effect of Synthetic and Botanical Insecticides and Seed Germination, Mitotic Index of Pisum sativum and Zea mays
Abstract: The seed germination trials have relevance in selection plants for their prospective use in phyto remediation. The effect of synthetic pesticide monocrotophos and botanical insecticide azadirachtin on the seed germination of green pea and maize has been investigated in the present study. The germination of seeds was evaluated in the room temperature using petriplates with both the insecticides at the concentrations 100, 200 and 400 ppm, while distilled water is …
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Enzymatic Transesterification using Immobilized Lipase in Production of Biodiesel from Nannochloropsis Oculata
Abstract: The microalgae have higher photosynthetic efficiency, higher biomass production and faster growth compared to other energy crops. The growth of Nannochloropsis oculata was enhanced in 300mg/l of nitrogen concentration and the optimum temperature for growth is 25â—¦C. 38% of microalgal oil was extracted and then converted to biodiesel by enzymatic transesterification using an immobilized lipase (triacyl glycerol acylhydrolase, EC 3.1.1.3). In this study, expensive to produce biodiesel because of the …
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Isolation and Partial Characterization of a Lectin from Seeds of Pongamia Glabra
Abstract: Lectins are non-immunogenic proteins that selectively bind carbohydrates without processing them enzymatically.They have wide range of applications in agricultural and biomedical research and it is useful in the antidotal treatment of snake bite. Seed lectins can be attributed to the importance of legume seeds as a rich source of dietary protein. The Pongamia glabra were homogenized by using distilled acetone. The defatted dried seed meal was mixed with 20mm Phosphate …
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Laccase Production by Trametes hirsuta, Trametes pubescens and Marasmius alliaceus from Agricultural Residues and ITS Usage for Environmental Remediation
Abstract: Laccase has wide range of application in environmental remediation, but this is not produced in large amount due to its expenses in production. This study deals with the production of laccases from inexpensive lignocellulosic wastes such as rice straw, rice bran and banana skin. Marasmius alliaceus gave 1773.16 U/L laccase activities when rice straw was used as substrates and the activity reached by Trametes pubescens in banana skin is 1332 …
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¬¬¬Lycopene Protects Testes and Epididymal Sperm in BPA Exposed Adult Sprague-Dawley Rats
Abstract: Bisphenol A (BPA) is ubiquitous and persistent environmental contaminant. Previous studies proved that BPA disrupt hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis and oxidative balance. Numerous studies have clearly been reported that oxidative stress leads to male infertility by affecting testes and spermatozoa. On the other hand, lycopene has beneficial role on testes and spermatozoa by reducing the oxidative stress. Therefore, this study was conducted to delineate the protective role of lycopene by acting against …
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Optimization of Microbial Cellulose Production by the Newly Isolated Acetobacter sp. DR-1 under Laboratory Conditions
Abstract: Cellulose is the most abundant natural biopolymer on the earth, synthesized by plants, algae and also some species of bacteria. It is also produced by some animals (e.g., tunicates).Cellulose constitutes one of the three principal components present in plant, namely cellulose, hemi-cellulose and lignin. However, the degree of polymerization and crystallinity of bacterial cellulose is considerable high than that of plant cellulose. In microbes, cellulose is normally produced as exo-polysaccharide, …
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Performance Analysis of Segmentation using Thresholding Technique and K-means Clustering Techniques in Mammograms
Abstract: The main objective of the study is the attainment of proper segmentations of mammographic images which are taken from Mammographic Image Analysis Society (MIAS) digital mammogram database. In this study normal breast images and breast image with masses used as the standard input to the proposed system are taken from Mammographic Image Analysis Society (MIAS) digital mammogram database so as to be used in tasks such as to find micro …
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Preliminary Phytochemical and TLC Studies on Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennel
Abstract: Baccopa Monnieri (Scrophulariaceae), an important medicinal plant belonging to the family Scrophulariaceae, which has been valued for centuries in Ayurvedic medicine. The study was carried out for determining Phytochemical and TLC studies of Bacopa monnieri. The different qualitative chemical test was performed on the extracts to detect the various phyto constituents present in them. The photochemical screening reveals the presence of many therapeutically important compounds such as glycosides, alkaloids, saponins, …
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Production of Poly Hydroxybutyrate from Bacillus megaterium and its Conjugation with Nanoparticles to Determine the Antibacterial Activity
Abstract: Plastics have become an important part of modern life and are used in different sectors of operations like packaging, building materials, consumer products etc. Presently plastics and synthetic polymers are mainly produced by using the petrochemical material that cannot be decomposed easily. Thus they contribute to the environmental pollution. The increased cost of solid waste disposal as well as the potential hazards from incineration of wastes makes synthetic plastic waste …
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Purificaton and Characterization of Laccase from White-rot Fungi Ganoderma sp.
Abstract: The main objective of this project is to characterize and purify the laccase (benzenediol: oxygen oxidoreductase) enzyme from white-rot fungi Ganoderma sp. The enzymes is purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation and dialysis and further purified by column chromatography. This laccase is run on SDS-PAGE and molecular mass is determined. Finally physico-chemical properties like optimum pH; temperature, inhibition and substrate specificity of purified enzyme is also studied.
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Screening of Phytochemical Constituents Towards Antimicrobial Potency of Hygrophila schulli
Abstract: The present study was carried out to determine the invitro antibacterial and antifungal and phytochemical activity of Hygrophila schulli. In this study antimicrobial activity of leaves of Hygrophila schulli was studied by analyzing in different concentrations ranging from 100-500µg. We observed that at higher concentrations (>300 µg) ethanolic extract of Hygrophila schulli showed certain significant antimicrobial effect. Antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli, Fusarium verticillioides, Klebsiella sp., Aspergillus flavus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, …
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Screening of Secondary Metabolites for Estimating Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Potency of Clitoria ternatea (L.)
Abstract: The present study was carried out for the screening of secondary metabolites for estimating the antimicrobial potency of Clitoria ternatea (L.). In this study antimicrobial activity of leaves of Clitoria ternatea were studied by analyzing in different concentrations ranging from 100–500 µg. We observed that at higher concentrations (>300 µg) ethanolic extract of Clitoria ternatea showed certain significant antimicrobial effect. Antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli, Fusarium verticillioides, Klebsiella sp., Aspergillus …
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Studies on the Insecticidal Activity of Bacillus thuringiensis against Lepidoptera
Abstract: To screen soil isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis from western Ghats for the presence of Cry1A and Cry2A gene using PCR and, the activities of the isolates on Lepidoptera group of insects. For the characterization of the genes the gene are isolated and cloned in to E. coli, its nucleotide sequence is analyzed .Thus in the result, the insecticidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis with the combinations of cry1A and cry2A genes …
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