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Journal of Polymer & Composites Review Article Special issue

Sustainable Waste Management through Polymer Recycling: A Review of Business Model and Managerial Innovation

  1. Manish Kumar Department of Management, Brainware University Kolkata, West Bengal
  2. Samudyuti Ray Department of Management, Brainware University Kolkata, West Bengal
  3. Vivek Hamal Department of Management, Brainware University Kolkata, West Bengal
  4. Amrita Nath Department of Management, Brainware University Kolkata, West Bengal
  5. Nibedita Ghow Department of English and Literary Studies, Brainware University, Kolkata

Abstract

Plastic and other polymeric materials have transformed modern life by providing durability, versatility, and cost-effective solutions across industries such as packaging, healthcare, construction, and transportation. However, their extensive use and improper disposal have created significant environmental concerns, including plastic pollution, landfill accumulation, and marine ecosystem degradation. This review synthesizes existing literature on polymer recycling with a focus on business-model innovation and managerial practices that can support sustainable waste management at scale. It examines the current landscape of recycling technologies, including mechanical recycling, chemical recycling, biological recycling, and energy recovery, highlighting their potential benefits and limitations. The review further explores a range of emerging business models designed to promote circularity in polymer use. These include extended producer responsibility (EPR), circular supply chains, subscription and service-based models, material-as-a-service systems, reverse-logistics platforms, and hybrid public–private partnerships. Such models aim to reduce waste, improve resource efficiency, and encourage manufacturers to take greater responsibility for the lifecycle of polymer products. In addition, the study analyzes the managerial innovations required to effectively implement these models. Key enabling factors include the integration of digital technologies for waste tracking and optimization, cross-sector collaborations among industry, government, and communities, innovative financing mechanisms, supportive regulatory frameworks, and active consumer participation in recycling initiatives. The review concludes by proposing a conceptual framework that links recycling technologies, business-model strategies, and managerial capabilities. It also identifies future research directions addressing technological uncertainty, policy design, infrastructure development, and socio-economic equity. Overall, this work aims to guide researchers, business leaders, and policymakers in advancing a circular economy approach to polymer management while maintaining economic sustainability.

Keywords

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