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Journal of Alternate Energy Sources & Technologies Review Article

Is Hydrogen the Future of the Automotive Sector? A Critical Overview

  1. Alessandro Blasi Department of Energy and Sustainable Economic, ENEA Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and the Environment Energy Technologies and Renewable Sources Department C.R. Trisaia – S.S. 106 Jonica
  2. Antonella Dimotta Department of Energy and Sustainable Economic, 2 Earth and Eco-System Expertise for Environmental Modeling and Restoration Company, EESEEMR, Synergy Centre ITT

Abstract

The transition towards sustainable energy sources in the automotive sector has become imperative in light of escalating environmental challenges and the depletion of fossil fuels. Among alternative energy solutions, hydrogen has emerged as a promising candidate due to its high energy density, zero-emission potential, and technological advancements in fuel cell systems. This review critically examines the viability of hydrogen as a dominant energy source for future automotive applications. The paper assesses hydrogen production methods, storage solutions, infrastructure development, and the economic feasibility of large-scale adoption. Additionally, the review juxtaposes hydrogen fuel cell vehicles against battery electric vehicles, highlighting key technological, environmental, and logistical considerations. Despite substantial progress, several challenges remain, including high production costs, limited refueling infrastructure, and energy inefficiencies in hydrogen synthesis and distribution. This review concludes that while hydrogen holds significant potential, its role in the automotive sector will likely be complementary rather than predominant, depending on technological breakthroughs, policy support, and market dynamics.

Keywords

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