STM Journals Peer-reviewed research from Consortium e-Learning Network

International Journal of Pollution: Prevention & Control Original Research

The Integrity of Bio-Stimulant Efficiency of Mint Leaf (Mentha Piperita) on Crude Oil Remediation in Soil Environment

  1. Vector Chukwuemeka Ukpaka Department of Industrial Engineering, Lyceum of the Philippines University
  2. Joy Chukwuemeka Peter Ukpaka Department of Pharmacy, MSB Medical School Berlin GmbH - Hochschule für Gesundheit und Medizin
  3. Abraham Peter Ukpaka Department of Computer Engineering, Lyceum of the Philippines University
  4. Ukpaka Chukwuemeka. Peter Department of Chemical/Petrochemical Engineering, Rivers State University Port Harcourt

Abstract

This research addresses the integrity of biostimulant efficiency of mint leaf (Mentha piperita) on crude oil remediation in soil environments. The soil environment consideration in this investigation is loamy and some soil properties were examined; obtained data revealed a nitrogen value of 5.82%, phosphorus value of 46.91mg/kg, potassium value of 417.51mg/kg, and hydrogen-utilizing bacteria (HUB) value of 13.19cfu/g for unpolluted loamy soil, whereas polluted soil with crude oil data are 1.02% nitrogen, 1.326mg/kg phosphorus, 42.18mg/kg potassium, and 81.6cfu/g HUB. The properties of the biostimulant used revealed a nitrogen concentration of 6.93%, phosphorus of 52.271mg/kg, potassium of 463.902mg/kg, and HUB of 10.21cfu/g for sun-dried mint leaf samples, whereas room-dried nitrogen value is 9.47%, phosphorus value is 74.113mg/kg, potassium value is 552.542mg/kg, and HUB value is 13.98cfu/g. The density and kinematic viscosity of the crude oil used are 0.861g/ml and 2.84mm²/s. Crude oil remediation was monitored for a period of 35 days and the percentage reduction in the total petroleum hydrocarbon concentration determined. Application of sun-dried biostimulant revealed TPH reduction values in terms of percentage removal within the range of 1.43% to 77.88% for intervals of 7 to 35 days with a 50g dosage of remediant and 4.51% to 91.14% for 100g dosage, whereas room-dried biostimulant application demonstrates 2.38% to 78.53% for 7 to 35 days of 50g dosage and 8.41% to 92.29% for 100g dosage of remediant. In the control sample, obtained data revealed 1.13% to 25.67% for the period of 7 to 35 days. This research revealed that mint leaf (Mentha piperita) characteristics possess the integrity of good biostimulant efficiency for use in treating soil contaminated with crude oil. However, the room-dried sample is higher in efficiency than sun-dried, comparing percentage reduction of TPH concentration from 2.38% to 78.53% for intervals of 7 to 35 days of 50g dosage against 1.43% to 77.83% for the sun-dried value. This investigation has demonstrated the significance of the biostimulant in crude oil remediation.

Keywords

References (16)

  1. Lovins AB. How big is the energy efficiency resource? Environmental Research Letters. 2018;13(9):090401. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aad965
  2. Glaser R, Shulman S, Klinger P. Data Supporting a Provisional American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Method for Metalworking Fluids, Part 2: Preliminary Report of Evaluation of a Ternary Solvent Blend in a Provisional ASTM Method for Metalworking Fluids (P-42-97). Journal of Testing and Evaluation. 1999;27(2):131-136. doi:10.1520/jte12051j
  3. American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, Water Environment Federation. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 24th ed. Washington (DC): American Public Health Association; 2023.
  4. Asim N, Badiei M, Torkashvand M, Mohammad M, Alghoul MA, Gasaymeh SS, et al. Wastes from the petroleum industries as sustainable resource materials in construction sectors: Opportunities, limitations, and directions. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021;284:125459. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125459
  5. Azeez ZA, Al-Jobori KM, Ali AJA. Isolation of degraded bacteria and fungi of petroleum hydrocarbons from two polluted soil under remediation with maize plant. Iraqi J Biotechnol. 2021;20(1):7–19.
  6. Cole M, Lindeque P, Fileman E, Halsband C, Goodhead R, Moger J, et al. Microplastic Ingestion by Zooplankton. Environmental Science & Technology. 2013;47(12):6646-6655. doi:10.1021/es400663f
  7. Cui J, Chen H, Sun M, Wen J. Comparison of bacterial community structure and function under different petroleum hydrocarbon degradation conditions. Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering. 2019;43(2):303-313. doi:10.1007/s00449-019-02227-1
  8. Dindar E, Topaç Şağban FO, Başkaya HS. Variations of soil enzyme activities in petroleum-hydrocarbon contaminated soil. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation. 2015;105:268-275. doi:10.1016/j.ibiod.2015.09.011
  9. Di Toro DM, McGrath JA, Stubblefield WA. Predicting the toxicity of neat and weathered crude oil: Toxic potential and the toxicity of saturated mixtures. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 2007;26(1):24-36. doi:10.1897/06174r.1
  10. Walls WD. Petroleum refining industry in China. Energy Policy. 2010;38(5):2110-2115. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2009.06.002
  11. Ere W, Grace O, Amagbo L. VARIATIONS IN PROPERTIES OF HYDROCARBON CONTAMINATED SOIL UNDER BIO-WASTES TREATMENTS. International Journal of Advanced Academic Research. 2020;6(5):52-65. doi:10.46654/ij.24889849.6221
  12. McGill WB. Soil Restoration Following Oil Spills - A Review. Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology. 1977;16(02). doi:10.2118/77-02-07
  13. Huang Y, Pan H, Wang Q, Ge Y, Liu W, Christie P. Enrichment of the soil microbial community in the bioremediation of a petroleum-contaminated soil amended with rice straw or sawdust. Chemosphere. 2019;224:265-271. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.148
  14. Swannell RP, Lee K, McDonagh M. Field evaluations of marine oil spill bioremediation. Microbiological Reviews. 1996;60(2):342-365. doi:10.1128/mr.60.2.342-365.1996
  15. Wu M, Li W, Dick WA, Ye X, Chen K, Kost D, et al. Bioremediation of hydrocarbon degradation in a petroleum-contaminated soil and microbial population and activity determination. Chemosphere. 2017;169:124-130. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.11.059
  16. Ukpaka CP, Lezorghia SB, Nwosu H. Crude oil degradation in loamy soil using Neem root extracts: An experimental study. Chem Int. 2020;6(3):160–167.