STM Journals Peer-reviewed research from Consortium e-Learning Network

International Journal of Crystalline Materials Original Research

Total-internal-reflection-based optical rotation quasi-phase-matching for efficient second-harmonic generation in Cadmium Germanium Arsenide crystal

  1. Snigdha Sinha Department of Electrical Engineering National Institute of Technology, Agartala
  2. Dr.Sumita Deb Department of Electrical Engineering National Institute of Technology, Agartala
  3. Dr. Minakshi Deb Barma Department of Electrical Engineering National Institute of Technology, Agartala
  4. Dr. Sumita Deb Department of Electrical Engineering National Institute of Technology, Agartala
  5. Susmita Paul Department of Electrical Engineering National Institute of Technology, Agartala

Abstract

This study investigates a total-internal-reflection (TIR)-based optical rotation quasi-phase-matching (ORQPM) approach for second harmonic generation within a cadmium germanium arsenide crystal slab. The crystal is coated with a thin film of yttrium oxide to facilitate precise control over phase shifts between p- and s-polarized light upon reflection at the slab-film interface. By leveraging the interplay between TIR- induced optical rotation and fractional QPM effects at designated bounce points, the configuration aims to maximize nonlinear interaction and conversion efficiency. Numerical simulations incorporating key optical losses—including surface roughness, material absorption, and interference effects arising from the nonlinear law of reflection—were conducted to assess performance. The resulting conversion efficiency for second harmonic output at 1.95 micrometer is determined to be 5.7%.

Keywords

References (14)

  1. Saha M, Deb S. Frequency Conversion Analysis using TIR-based ORQPM Technique. Eliva Press; 2024.
  2. Armstrong JA, Bloembergen N, Ducuing J, Pershan PS. Interactions between light waves in a nonlinear dielectric. Phys Rev. 1962;127(6):1918–1939.
  3. van Run AF. Phase matching in total internal reflection second harmonic generation. Opt Commun. 1983;47(4):247–250.
  4. Raybaut M, Godard A, Haïdar R, Lefebvre M, Oger M. Destructive interference in total internal reflection quasi-phase-matched second harmonic generation. Opt Lett. 2004;29(23):2732–2734.
  5. Bloembergen N, Pershan PS. Light waves at the boundary of nonlinear media. Phys Rev. 1962;128(2):606–622.
  6. Liu LZ, O’Keeffe K, Hooker SM. Optical rotation quasi-phase-matching for circularly polarized high harmonic generation. Opt Lett. 2012;37(12):2415–2417.
  7. Bortz ML, Fejer MM. Fractional quasi-phase matching by Fresnel birefringence. In: Proceedings of the Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO); 2006; Long Beach, CA, USA. p. JTuC5.
  8. Zhen Z, Fan YX, Byer RL. CdGeAs₂ crystals: growth and nonlinear optical properties. In: Proceedings of the 17th National Conference on Crystal Growth Materials; 2015.
  9. Moss TS, de Sande JCG, Hilsum C. Characterization of CdGeAs₂ grown by the float zone technique under microgravity. J Cryst Growth. 1999;198–199:898–903.
  10. American Elements. Yttrium oxide (Y₂O₃) tablets: product specification. 2026.
  11. Born M, Wolf E. Principles of Optics. 7th ed. Cambridge (UK): Cambridge University Press; 1999.
  12. Yariv A, Yeh P. Optical Waves in Crystals. New York: Wiley; 1984.
  13. Boyd GD, Buehler E, Storz FG. Linear and nonlinear optical properties of CdGeAs₂. Appl Phys Lett. 1971;18(8):301–304.
  14. Aggarwal RL, Ripin DJ, Ochoa JR, Fan TY. Measurement of thermo-optic properties of Y₂O₃ and Lu₂O₃ at 1064 nm. J Appl Phys. 2005;98(10):103514.