STM Journals Peer-reviewed research from Consortium e-Learning Network

Emerging Trends in Chemical Engineering Review Article

A review on Advanced Materials for Sustainable Innovation and Innovative Applications in Chemical Engineering

  1. Meena Vangalapati Andhra University,Visakhapatnam. 530003
  2. Awab Mubark Musa Ali Andhra University,Visakhapatnam. 530003
  3. Satti Amrutha Andhra University,Visakhapatnam. 530003

Abstract

High level materials assume a vital part in driving feasible mechanical headways across different enterprises. This comprehensive review paper aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the properties, synthesis methods, and potential applications of advanced materials, focusing particularly on nanomaterials, biomaterials, and smart materials. These materials exhibit unique characteristics that render them indispensable for a wide array of applications, spanning energy storage, environmental remediation, healthcare, and electronics. Nanomaterials, characterized by their small size and high surface area-to-volume ratio, possess exceptional mechanical, electrical, and optical properties. They find utility in diverse fields such as drug delivery systems, sensors, catalysts, and coatings, where their enhanced performance attributes contribute to improved functionality and efficiency. Biomaterials, on the other hand, offer biocompatibility and bioactivity, making them ideal for medical implants, tissue engineering, and drug delivery systems. Their similarity with organic frameworks empowers progressions in regenerative medication and customized medical services. Smart materials, distinguished by their responsiveness to external stimuli like temperature or light, serve as key components in actuators, sensors, and adaptive structures, facilitating the development of intelligent systems with dynamic capabilities. Despite their promising applications, advanced materials encounter challenges related to scalability, cost-effectiveness, and commercialization. Conquering these obstacles requires deliberate endeavors from analysts, specialists, and policymakers. Innovative synthesis methods and manufacturing processes are being developed to address scalability issues and improve cost-effectiveness. Furthermore, policymakers play a vital role in fostering the adoption of advanced materials by implementing supportive regulations and incentives that encourage investment in research, development, and commercialization efforts. In conclusion, this review paper serves as a valuable resource for stakeholders involved in advancing sustainable technologies through the utilization of advanced materials. By comprehensively understanding the properties and potential applications of nanomaterials, biomaterials, and smart materials, and by collaboratively addressing the associated challenges, we can expedite the development of environmentally friendly technologies that benefit society as a whole.

Keywords

References (136)

  1. Baig N, Kammakakam I, Falath W. Nanomaterials: a review of synthesis methods, properties, recent progress, and challenges. Materials Advances. 2021;2(6):1821-1871. doi:10.1039/d0ma00807a
  2. Guisbiers G, Mejía-Rosales S, Leonard Deepak F. Nanomaterial Properties: Size and Shape Dependencies. Journal of Nanomaterials. 2012;2012(1). doi:10.1155/2012/180976
  3. KOÇAK A, KARASU B. General Evaluations of Nanoparticles. El-Cezeri Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi. 2018;5(1):191-236. doi:10.31202/ecjse.361663
  4. Wegner K, Schimmöller B, Thiebaut B, Fernandez C, Rao TN. Pilot Plants for Industrial Nanoparticle Production by Flame Spray Pyrolysis. KONA Powder and Particle Journal. 2011;29(0):251-265. doi:10.14356/kona.2011025
  5. Anu Mary Ealia S, Saravanakumar MP. A review on the classification, characterisation, synthesis of nanoparticles and their application. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2017;263:032019. doi:10.1088/1757-899x/263/3/032019
  6. Saleh TA. Nanomaterials: Classification, properties, and environmental toxicities. Environmental Technology & Innovation. 2020;20:101067. doi:10.1016/j.eti.2020.101067
  7. J. Ion, Laser Processing of Engineering Materials: Principles, Procedure and Industrial Application. 2005.
  8. Talam S, Karumuri SR, Gunnam N. Synthesis, Characterization, and Spectroscopic Properties of ZnO Nanoparticles. ISRN Nanotechnology. 2012;2012:1-6. doi:10.5402/2012/372505
  9. Singh NB. Green synthesis of nanomaterials. Handbook of Microbial Nanotechnology. 2022:225-254. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-823426-6.00007-3
  10. Amendola V, Meneghetti M. What controls the composition and the structure of nanomaterials generated by laser ablation in liquid solution? Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2013;15(9):3027-3046. doi:10.1039/c2cp42895d
  11. Chen Y, Fan Z, Zhang Z, Niu W, Li C, Yang N, et al. Two-Dimensional Metal Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications. Chemical Reviews. 2018;118(13):6409-6455. doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00727
  12. Q. Wu, W. S. Miao, Y. Du Zhang, H. J. Gao, and D. Hui, “c,” Nanotechnol Rev, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 259–273, 2020, doi:10.1515/ntrev-2020-0021.
  13. Zeng H, Du XW, Singh SC, Kulinich SA, Yang S, He J, et al. Nanomaterials via Laser Ablation/Irradiation in Liquid: A Review. Advanced Functional Materials. 2012;22(7):1333-1353. doi:10.1002/adfm.201102295
  14. Thakore SI, Nagar PS, Jadeja RN, Thounaojam M, Devkar RV, Rathore PS. Sapota fruit latex mediated synthesis of Ag, Cu mono and bimetallic nanoparticles and their in vitro toxicity studies. Arabian Journal of Chemistry. 2019;12(5):694-700. doi:10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.12.042
  15. Iravani S. Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles using plants. Green Chemistry. 2011;13(10):2638. doi:10.1039/c1gc15386b
  16. Salavati-Niasari M, Davar F, Mir N. Synthesis and characterization of metallic copper nanoparticles via thermal decomposition. Polyhedron. 2008;27(17):3514-3518. doi:10.1016/j.poly.2008.08.020
  17. V. M. Arole and S. V Munde, “Fabrication of Nanomaterials by Top-Down and Bottom-Up Approaches - an Overview,” JAASTMaterial Sci (Special Issue, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 89–93, 2014.
  18. Prasad Yadav T, Manohar Yadav R, Pratap Singh D. Mechanical Milling: a Top Down Approach for the Synthesis of Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites. Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. 2012;2(3):22-48. doi:10.5923/j.nn.20120203.01
  19. JANOT R, GUERARD D. Ball-milling in liquid mediaApplications to the preparation of anodic materials for lithium-ion batteries. Progress in Materials Science. 2005;50(1):1-92. doi:10.1016/s0079-6425(03)00050-1
  20. Bao Y, Wen T, Samia ACS, Khandhar A, Krishnan KM. Magnetic nanoparticles: material engineering and emerging applications in lithography and biomedicine. Journal of Materials Science. 2015;51(1):513-553. doi:10.1007/s10853-015-9324-2
  21. Narayanan KB, Sakthivel N. Biological synthesis of metal nanoparticles by microbes. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science. 2010;156(1-2):1-13. doi:10.1016/j.cis.2010.02.001
  22. Rane AV, Kanny K, Abitha VK, Thomas S. Methods for Synthesis of Nanoparticles and Fabrication of Nanocomposites. Synthesis of Inorganic Nanomaterials. 2018:121-139. doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-101975-7.00005-1
  23. Ghosh PK, Ahmed SF, Jana S, Chattopadhyay KK. Photoluminescence and field emission properties of ZnS:Mn nanoparticles synthesized by rf-magnetron sputtering technique. Optical Materials. 2007;29(12):1584-1590. doi:10.1016/j.optmat.2006.07.016
  24. Abid N, Khan AM, Shujait S, Chaudhary K, Ikram M, Imran M, et al. Synthesis of nanomaterials using various top-down and bottom-up approaches, influencing factors, advantages, and disadvantages: A review. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science. 2022;300:102597. doi:10.1016/j.cis.2021.102597
  25. Jamkhande PG, Ghule NW, Bamer AH, Kalaskar MG. Metal nanoparticles synthesis: An overview on methods of preparation, advantages and disadvantages, and applications. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology. 2019;53:101174. doi:10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101174
  26. Catauro M, Tranquillo E, Dal Poggetto G, Pasquali M, Dell’Era A, Vecchio Ciprioti S. Influence of the Heat Treatment on the Particles Size and on the Crystalline Phase of TiO2 Synthesized by the Sol-Gel Method. Materials. 2018;11(12):2364. doi:10.3390/ma11122364
  27. Bokov D, Turki Jalil A, Chupradit S, Suksatan W, Javed Ansari M, Shewael IH, et al. Nanomaterial by Sol‐Gel Method: Synthesis and Application. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering. 2021;2021(1). doi:10.1155/2021/5102014
  28. Hoyos-Palacio LM, Cuesta Castro DP, Ortiz-Trujillo IC, Botero Palacio LE, Galeano Upegui BJ, Escobar Mora NJ, et al. Compounds of carbon nanotubes decorated with silver nanoparticles via in-situ by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Journal of Materials Research and Technology. 2019;8(6):5893-5898. doi:10.1016/j.jmrt.2019.09.062
  29. Qin B, Ma H, Hossain M, Zhong M, Xia Q, Li B, et al. Substrates in the Synthesis of Two-Dimensional Materials via Chemical Vapor Deposition. Chemistry of Materials. 2020;32(24):10321-10347. doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c03549
  30. Zahid MU, Pervaiz E, Hussain A, Shahzad MI, Niazi MBK. Synthesis of carbon nanomaterials from different pyrolysis techniques: a review. Materials Research Express. 2018;5(5):052002. doi:10.1088/2053-1591/aac05b
  31. Yu B, Zhao Z, Fu S, Meng L, Liu Y, Chen F, et al. Fabrication of PLA/CNC/CNT conductive composites for high electromagnetic interference shielding based on Pickering emulsions method. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing. 2019;125:105558. doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2019.105558
  32. Arena U, Mastellone ML, Camino G, Boccaleri E. An innovative process for mass production of multi-wall carbon nanotubes by means of low-cost pyrolysis of polyolefins. Polymer Degradation and Stability. 2006;91(4):763-768. doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2005.05.029
  33. Mishra N, Das G, Ansaldo A, Genovese A, Malerba M, Povia M, et al. Pyrolysis of waste polypropylene for the synthesis of carbon nanotubes. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. 2012;94:91-98. doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2011.11.012
  34. R. Unless, P. Act, W. Rose, T. If, and W. Rose, “This is a repository copy of Carbon nanotubes synthetized from gaseous products of waste polymer pyrolysis and their application . White Rose Research Online URL for this paper : Version : Accepted Version Article : Borsodi , N , Szentes , A , Miskolczi ,” 2016.
  35. Janas D, Koziol KK. Carbon nanotube fibers and films: synthesis, applications and perspectives of the direct-spinning method. Nanoscale. 2016;8(47):19475-19490. doi:10.1039/c6nr07549e
  36. Mohanpuria P, Rana NK, Yadav SK. Biosynthesis of nanoparticles: technological concepts and future applications. Journal of Nanoparticle Research. 2007;10(3):507-517. doi:10.1007/s11051-007-9275-x
  37. M. Singh, C. K. Mitra, and R. K. Morve, “Rizwan, 2014,” J Nanoparticles, vol. 2014, no. 2, pp. 740–757, 2014.
  38. Bratovcic A. Different Applications of Nanomaterials and Their Impact on the Environment. International Journal of Material Science and Engineering. 2019;5(1):1-7. doi:10.14445/23948884/ijmse-v5i1p101
  39. Prakash Sharma V, Sharma U, Chattopadhyay M, Shukla VN. Advance Applications of Nanomaterials: A Review. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2018;5(2):6376-6380. doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2017.12.248
  40. Schrick B, Hydutsky BW, Blough JL, Mallouk TE. Delivery Vehicles for Zerovalent Metal Nanoparticles in Soil and Groundwater. Chemistry of Materials. 2004;16(11):2187-2193. doi:10.1021/cm0218108
  41. N. Barkalina, C. Charalambous, C. Jones, and K. Coward, “Recent advances in construction of small molecule-based fluorophore-drug conjugates,” Nanomedicine Nanotechnology, Biol Med, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. e921–e938, 2014, doi:10.1016/j.nano.2014.01.001.
  42. O’Connell MJ. Carbon Nanotubes Properties and Applications. 2018. doi:10.1201/9781315222127
  43. Khan A, Rashid R, Murtaza G, Zahra A. Gold Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Applications in Drug Delivery. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2014;13(7):1169. doi:10.4314/tjpr.v13i7.23
  44. Xu L, Wang YY, Huang J, Chen CY, Wang ZX, Xie H. Silver nanoparticles: Synthesis, medical applications and biosafety. Theranostics. 2020;10(20):8996-9031. doi:10.7150/thno.45413
  45. Agarwal K, Rai H, Mondal S. Quantum dots: an overview of synthesis, properties, and applications. Materials Research Express. 2023;10(6):062001. doi:10.1088/2053-1591/acda17
  46. Bubnov AA, Belov VS, Kargina YV, Tikhonowski GV, Popov AA, Kharin AY, et al. Laser-Ablative Synthesis of Silicon–Iron Composite Nanoparticles for Theranostic Applications. Nanomaterials. 2023;13(15):2256. doi:10.3390/nano13152256
  47. Santhiran A, Iyngaran P, Abiman P, Kuganathan N. Graphene Synthesis and Its Recent Advances in Applications—A Review. C. 2021;7(4):76. doi:10.3390/c7040076
  48. Chen X, Mao SS. Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties, Modifications, and Applications. Chemical Reviews. 2007;107(7):2891-2959. doi:10.1021/cr0500535
  49. Gajanan K, Tijare SN. Applications of nanomaterials. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2018;5(1):1093-1096. doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2017.11.187
  50. Shafiq M, Anjum S, Hano C, Anjum I, Abbasi BH. An Overview of the Applications of Nanomaterials and Nanodevices in the Food Industry. Foods. 2020;9(2):148. doi:10.3390/foods9020148
  51. Lang W, Yuan C, Zhu L, Du S, Qian L, Ge J, et al. Recent advances in construction of small molecule-based fluorophore-drug conjugates. Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis. 2020;10(5):434-443. doi:10.1016/j.jpha.2020.08.006
  52. Reidy B, Haase A, Luch A, Dawson K, Lynch I. Mechanisms of Silver Nanoparticle Release, Transformation and Toxicity: A Critical Review of Current Knowledge and Recommendations for Future Studies and Applications. Materials. 2013;6(6):2295-2350. doi:10.3390/ma6062295
  53. Raiford JA, Oyakhire ST, Bent SF. Applications of atomic layer deposition and chemical vapor deposition for perovskite solar cells. Energy & Environmental Science. 2020;13(7):1997-2023. doi:10.1039/d0ee00385a
  54. Biswal T, BadJena SK, Pradhan D. Sustainable biomaterials and their applications: A short review. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2020;30:274-282. doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2020.01.437
  55. Hench LL, Thompson I. Twenty-first century challenges for biomaterials. Journal of The Royal Society Interface. 2010;7(suppl_4). doi:10.1098/rsif.2010.0151.focus
  56. Hubbell JA. Biomaterials in Tissue Engineering. Nature Biotechnology. 1995;13(6):565-576. doi:10.1038/nbt0695-565
  57. Bowman HF, Cravalho EG, Woods M. Theory, Measurement, and Application of Thermal Properties of Biomaterials. Annual Review of Biophysics and Bioengineering. 1975;4(1):43-80. doi:10.1146/annurev.bb.04.060175.000355
  58. 1146/annurev.bb.04.060175.000355
  59. Lemons JE, Lucas LC. Properties of biomaterials. The Journal of Arthroplasty. 1986;1(2):143-147. doi:10.1016/s0883-5403(86)80053-5
  60. Hench LL, Orefice R. Sol–Gel Technology. Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. 2000. doi:10.1002/0471238961.19151208051403.a01
  61. L. S. Laurencin C. T. 2006Polymers as Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering and Controlled Drug Delivery, Adv Biochem Engin/Biotechnol, 102 47 90
  62. J. E, J. K, S. P, A. L, De Faria EH, e Silva MLA, et al. Biomaterials and Sol–Gel Process: A Methodology for the Preparation of Functional Materials. Biomaterials Science and Engineering. 2011. doi:10.5772/23202
  63. Styskalik A, Skoda D, Barnes C, Pinkas J. The Power of Non-Hydrolytic Sol-Gel Chemistry: A Review. Catalysts. 2017;7(6):168. doi:10.3390/catal7060168
  64. Wang X, Liu J, Wang P, DeMello A, Feng L, Zhu X, et al. Synthesis of Biomaterials Utilizing Microfluidic Technology. Genes. 2018;9(6):283. doi:10.3390/genes9060283
  65. F. M. White, Viscous Fluid Flow, 2nd edition, McGraw-Hill, Boston, Second edition edn., 1991.
  66. Beebe DJ, Mensing GA, Walker GM. Physics and Applications of Microfluidics in Biology. Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering. 2002;4(1):261-286. doi:10.1146/annurev.bioeng.4.112601.125916
  67. Yesl Jun, Edward Kang, Sukyoung Chae, Sang-Hoon Lee,Microfluidic spinning of micro- and nano-scale fibers for tissue engineering
  68. Wu S, Snajdrova R, Moore JC, Baldenius K, Bornscheuer UT. Biocatalysis: Enzymatic Synthesis for Industrial Applications. Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 2020;60(1):88-119. doi:10.1002/anie.202006648
  69. Alexander M. Klibanov, Gennady P. Samokhin, Karel Martinek, Ilya V. Berezin A new approach to preparative enzymatic synthesis,26 March 2000 , https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0290(20000320)67:63.0.CO;2-2
  70. Mikolasch A, Schauer F. Fungal laccases as tools for the synthesis of new hybrid molecules and biomaterials. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2009;82(4):605-624. doi:10.1007/s00253-009-1869-z
  71. Christman KL. Biomaterials for tissue repair. Science. 2019;363(6425):340-341. doi:10.1126/science.aar2955
  72. Whitaker R, Hernaez-Estrada B, Hernandez RM, Santos-Vizcaino E, Spiller KL. Immunomodulatory Biomaterials for Tissue Repair. Chemical Reviews. 2021;121(18):11305-11335. doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00895
  73. Peng Shen, Yanxin Chen, Shuai Luo, Zhiyuan Fan, Jilong Wang, Jiang Chang, Junjie Deng,
  74. B.J. Tighe, A. Mann 15 - The development of biomaterials for contact lens applications: Effects of wear modality on materials design,Editor(s): Traian V. Chirila, Damien G. Harkin,In Woodhead Publishing Series in Biomaterials,Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine in Ophthalmology (Second Edition),Woodhead Publishing,2016,Pages 369-399,ISBN 9780081001479,
  75. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100147-9.00015-8. Applications of biomaterials for immunosuppression in tissue repair and regeneration,Acta Biomaterialia,Volume 126,2021,ISSN 1742-7061,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2021.03.019.
  76. Refojo MF. Current status of biomaterials in ophthalmology. Survey of Ophthalmology. 1982;26(5):257-265. doi:10.1016/0039-6257(82)90161-8
  77. Wilson WR, Laird N, Soeldner JS, Moo-Young G, Kavesh DA, Macmeel JW. The Relationship Of Idiopathic Sudden Hearing Loss To Diabetes Mellitus. The Laryngoscope. 1982;92(2):155-160. doi:10.1002/lary.1982.92.2.155
  78. The report "Biomaterials Market Size, Growth by Type of Materials (Metallic, Ceramic, Polymers, Natural), Application (Cardiovascular, Orthopedic, Dental, Plastic Surgery, Wound Healing, Neurological disorders, Tissue Engineering, Ophthalmology) - Global Forecast to 2025"
  79. Ananth H, Kundapur V, Mohammed HS, Anand M, Amarnath GS, Mankar S. A Review on Biomaterials in Dental Implantology. Int J Biomed Sci. 2015 Sep;11(3):113-20. PMID: 26508905; PMCID: PMC4614011.
  80. Mussano, Federico, et al. "Ceramic biomaterials for dental implants: Current use and future perspectives." Dental Implantology and Biomaterial (2016): 63-78.
  81. Pearce AI, Richards RG, Milz S, Schneider E, et al. Animal models for implant biomaterial research in bone: a review. European Cells and Materials. 2007;13:1–10. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] [Ref list]
  82. O’Brien WJ. Dental Materials and Their Selection. (Fourth Edition) [Google Scholar] [Ref list]
  83. Hench L. L., Splinter R. J., Allen W. C.& Greenlee T. K.. 1971 Bonding mechanisms at the interface of ceramic prosthetic materials. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 2, 117–141. Crossref, Google Scholar
  84. Schoen F. J., Levy R. J.& Piehler H. R.. 1992 Pathological considerations in replacement cardiac valves. J. Soc. Cardiol. Path. 1, 29–52. Crossref, PubMed, Google Scholar
  85. Kargozar S, Ramakrishna S, Mozafari M. Chemistry of biomaterials: future prospects. Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering. 2019;10:181-190. doi:10.1016/j.cobme.2019.07.003
  86. Chaudhari A, Vig K, Baganizi D, Sahu R, Dixit S, Dennis V, et al. Future Prospects for Scaffolding Methods and Biomaterials in Skin Tissue Engineering: A Review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2016;17(12):1974. doi:10.3390/ijms17121974
  87. Su L, Li Y, Liu Y, An Y, Shi L. Recent Advances and Future Prospects on Adaptive Biomaterials for Antimicrobial Applications. Macromolecular Bioscience. 2019;19(12). doi:10.1002/mabi.201900289
  88. . Addington, D.M. and D.L. Schodek, Smart materials and new technologies: for the architecture and design professions. 2005: Routledge.
  89. . Addington, M. and D. Schodek, Smart Materials and Technologies in Architecture: For the Architecture and Design Professions. 2012: Routledge.
  90. . Sadeghi, M.J., P. Masudifar, and F. Faizi. The Function of Smart Material's behavior in architecture. in International Conference on Intelligent Building and Management, LACSIT press. 2011.
  91. . Mohamed, A.S.Y., Smart materials innovative technologies in architecture; towards innovative design paradigm. Energy Procedia, 2017. 115: p. 139-154.
  92. . Song, Y., W. Wei, and X. Qu, Colorimetric biosensing using smart materials. Advanced Materials, 2011. 23(37): p. 4215-4236.
  93. . Kamila, S., Introduction, classification and applications of smart materials: an overview. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 2013. 10(8): p. 876.
  94. . Gautam, P. and A. Valiathan, Bio-smart dentistry: stepping into the future! Trends in Biomaterials and Artificial Organs, 2008. 21(2): p. 94-97.
  95. . Ferrara, M. and M. Bengisu, Materials that change color, in Materials that Change Color. 2014, Springer. p. 9-60.
  96. . Parida, B., S. Iniyan, and R. Goic, A review of solar photovoltaic technologies. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 2011. 15(3): p. 1625-1636.
  97. . Chang, M.-H., et al., Light emitting diodes reliability review. Microelectronics Reliability, 2012. 52(5): p. 762-782.
  98. J. Damodharan, A. Sreedharan, T. Ramalingam, A review on smart materials, types and applications, Int. J. Eng. Technol. Sci. Res. 5 (2018) 5.
  99. H. Kulkarni, K. Zohaib, A. Khusru, K. Shravan Aiyappa, Application of piezoelectric technology in automotive systems, Mater. Today Proc. 5 (2018) 21299–21304, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2018.6.532.
  100. Y. Seo, A new yield stress scaling function for electrorheological fluids, J.
  101. Nonnewton. Fluid Mech. 166 (2011) 241–243, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
  102. jnnfm.2010.11.010.
  103. Lin CJ, Lee CY, Liu Y. Vibration Control Design for a Plate Structure with Electrorheological ATVA Using Interval Type-2 Fuzzy System. Applied Sciences. 2017;7(7):707. doi:10.3390/app7070707
  104. S.K. Wahi, M. Kumar, S. Santapuri, M.J. Dapino, Computationally efficient locally linearized constitutive model for magnetostrictive materials, J. Appl.
  105. Phys. 125 (2019), https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5086953.
  106. I.N. Qader, M. Kök, F. Dagdelen, Y. Aydog˘du, A review of smart materials: researches and applications, 2019 (2019): 755–788.
  107. V. Apicella, C.S. Clemente, D. Davino, D. Leone, C. Visone, Review of modeling and control of magnetostrictive actuators, Actuators 8 (2019) 1–30, https://
  108. doi.org/10.3390/act8020045.
  109. Keswani BC, Patil SI, Kolekar YD, Ramana CV. Improved magnetostrictive properties of cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) by Mn and Dy co-substitution for magneto-mechanical sensors. Journal of Applied Physics. 2019;126(17). doi:10.1063/1.5114815
  110. Lee JR, Ryu CY, Koo BY, Kang SG, Hong CS, Kim CG. In-flight health monitoring of a subscale wing using a fiber Bragg grating sensor system. Smart Materials and Structures. 2003;12(1):147-155. doi:10.1088/0964-1726/12/1/317
  111. Zhao G, Pei H, Liang H. Measurement of Additional Strains in Shaft Lining Using Differential Resistance Sensing Technology. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks. 2013;9(10):153834. doi:10.1155/2013/153834
  112. Maheshwari M, Annamdas VGM, Pang JHL, Asundi A, Tjin SC. Crack monitoring using multiple smart materials; fiber-optic sensors & piezo sensors. International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials. 2017;8(1):41-55. doi:10.1080/19475411.2017.1298220
  113. M. Sun, W.J. Staszewski, R.N. Swamy, Smart sensing technologies for structural
  114. health monitoring of civil engineering structures, Adv. Civ. Eng. 2010 (2010), https://doi.org/10.1155/2010/724962.
  115. Maheshwari M, Asundi AK, Tjin SC. Effect of the location and size of a single crack on first fundamental frequency of a cantilever beam using fiber optic polarimetric sensors and characterisation of FBG sensors. SPIE Proceedings. 2013;8793:87930G. doi:10.1117/12.2027726
  116. . Shandilya M, Rai R, Singh J (2016) Review: hydrothermal technology for smart materials. Adv Appl Ceram 115:354–376
  117. . Reyes-Ortega F (2014) 3-pH-responsive polymers: properties, synthesis and applications, In: M.R. Aguilar, J. San Román (Eds.)Smart Polymers and their Applications, Woodhead Publishing 45–92
  118. . Senthil RA, Osman S, Pan J, Sun Y, Kumar TR, Manikandan A (2019) A facile hydrothermal synthesis of visible-light responsive BiFeWO6/MoS2 composite as superior photocatalyst for degradationof organic pollutants. Ceram Int 45:18683–18690
  119. . Fadillah G, Triana S, Chasanah U, Saleh TA (2020) Titaniananorods modified carbon paste electrode for the sensitive voltammetric determination of BPA in exposed bottled water. Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research 30:100391
  120. . Saleh TA, (2018)Simultaneous adsorptive desulfurization of diesel fuel over bimetallic nanoparticles loaded on activated carbon, Journal of Cleaner Production 172: 2123-2132
  121. . Zhao J, Liu Y, Zheng C, Lei Q, Dong Y, Zhao X, Yin J (2018) Pickering emulsion polymerization of poly(ionic liquid)s encapsulated nano-SiO2 composite particles with enhanced electroresponsive characteristic. Polymer 146:109–119
  122. . Rodrigues LDA, Hurtado CR, Macedo EF, Tada DB, Guerrini LM, Oliveira MP (2020) Colloidal properties and cytotoxicity of enzymatically hydrolyzed cationic starch-graft-poly(butyl acrylate-co-methyl methacrylate) latex by surfactant-free emulsion polymerization for paper coating application. Prog Org Coat 145:105693
  123. . Yamazaki T, Ogawa A, Koizumi H, Tsuji T (2021) Controlled soap-free emulsion polymerization stability using a novel cationicazo radical initiator with chloride or triflate counter anion. Colloids Surf, A 609:125614
  124. . Meléndez-Ortiz HI, Varca GH, Zavala-Lagunes E, Bucio E (2016) State of the art of smart polymers: From fundamentals to final applications. In Polymer Science: Research Advances, Practical Applications, and Educational Aspects. Formatex Research Center, Badajoz, Spain
  125. . Toozandehjani, M., et al., Conventional and Advanced Composites in Aerospace Industry: Technologies Revisited. American Journal of Aerospace Engineering, 2018. 5(1): p. 9-15.
  126. . Barbarino, S., et al., Wing shape control through an SMA-based device. Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, 2009. 20(3): p. 283-296.
  127. . Giurgiutiu, V. and A.N. Zagrai. Use of smart materials technologies in radiation environments and nuclear industry. in Smart Structures and Materials 2000: Smart Structures and Integrated Systems. 2000. International Society for Optics and Photonics.
  128. . Qader, I.N. and M. Omar, Carrier concentration effect and other structure-related parameters on lattice thermal conductivity of Si nanowires. Bulletin of Materials Science, 2017. 40(3): p. 599-607.
  129. . Purushothaman, K. and G. Muralidharan, The effect of annealing temperature on the electrochromic properties of nanostructured NiO films. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 2009. 93(8): p. 1195-1201.
  130. . Mamand, S., M. Omar, and A. Muhammed, Calculation of lattice thermal conductivity of suspended GaAs nanobeams: Effect of size dependent parameters. Adv Mat Lett, 2012. 3(6): p. 449-58.
  131. . Qader, I.N., B.J. Abdullah, and H.H. Karim, Lattice Thermal Conductivity of Wurtzite Bulk and Zinc Blende CdSe Nanowires and Nanoplayer. Eurasian Journal of Science & Engineering, 2017. 3(1): p. 9-26.
  132. . Li, D., et al., Thermal conductivity of individual silicon nanowires. Applied Physics Letters, 2003. 83(14): p. 2934-2936.
  133. . Omar, M., Structural and Thermal Properties of Elementary and Binary Tetrahedral Semiconductor Nanoparticles. International Journal of Thermophysics, 2016. 37(1): p. 11.
  134. . Abdullah, B.J., M.S. Omar, and Q. Jiang, Size effects on cohesive energy, Debye temperature and lattice heat capacity from first-principles calculations of Sn nanoparticles. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section A: Physical Sciences, 2018. 88(4): p. 629-632.
  135. . Abdullah, B.J., Q. Jiang, and M.S. Omar, Effects of size on mass density and its influence on mechanical and thermal properties of ZrO 2 nanoparticles in different structures. Bulletin of Materials Science, 2016. 39(5): p. 1295-1302.
  136. . Li, C., E.T. Thostenson, and T.-W. Chou, Sensors and actuators based on carbon nanotubes and their composites: a review. Composites Science and Technology, 2008. 68(6): p. 1227-1249.
Support