Tri-state buffers

1 article · search the full text for this term

• Published Subscription Review Article 27 Jul 2026

  Design and Implementation of a 4-Bit Breadboard CPU Using Digital Integrated Circuits

  By Aditya Chauhan, Shrushti Amin, Himanshu Prajapati, Purvang Dalal

  Abstract: This paper presents the design and hardware realization of a simple 4-bit CPU built using discrete TTL integrated circuits on a breadboard. The CPU employs a 4-bit common data bus with tri-state buffers for device arbitration, three 4-bit registers (Register A, Register B, and an Output Register) implemented with 74LS175 quad D flip-flops, and a 4-bit ALU for addition/subtraction using a 74LS83 adder and XOR gates. Manual control signals (load, …

  Published in Journal of Electronic Design Technology · Vol. 17, Issue 2, 2026 Read article →