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1 article for “Freetown”

• Published Subscription Original Research 7 Feb 2026

  Investigation of Pollution Status in River No. 2, Freetown, Sierra Leone, Using Physicochemical and Bacterial Indicators

  By Yahaya Kudush Kawa, Gibrilla Thullah, Sam Sonny Tommy, Victoria Olufemi Danke Kawa

  Abstract: This study assessed the physicochemical and bacteriological quality of surface water in the River No. 2 watershed, Sierra Leone, through monthly sampling from March–August 2024 at upstream, midstream, and downstream sites. Analyses included temperature, turbidity, pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, ammonia, fluoride, sulfite, nitrate, lead, arsenic, chromium, and microbial indicators (Escherichia coli, fecal and non-fecal coliforms). Most physicochemical parameters met WHO drinking-water guidelines. pH (7.0–7.3), TDS (7–17 mg/L), turbidity …

  Published in International Journal of Pollution: Prevention & Control · Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2026 · pp. 11–27 Read article →